Patent ductus arteriosus
Six studies involving 2962 prematurity included PDA as an outcome. Prematurity in the prophylactic caffeine group had a decreased chance of developing patent ductus arteriosus, according to a pooled analysis (OR 0.49, 95%CI: 0.30-0.80, P =0.005). Significant heterogeneity existed amongst these studies (I2 =51.6%, P = 0.066, Figure 4B).
Retinopathy of prematurity .
ROP was included as an outcome between the two groups by 5 studies which involved 3499 infants. Compared to control group, neonates in the prophylactic caffeine group had a lower probability of retinopathy of prematurity (OR 0.76, 95%CI: 0.65-0.90, P=0.001). And the heterogeneity between studies was low (I2=8.1%, P =0.360, Figure 4C).