[9].
Preclinical usage of animal models is crucial for discovering and
developing new ASMs to determine their efficacy and safety before
initial human trials [10] . Animal models have served as the
basis for the discovery of numerous innovative treatments for epilepsy
during the past 80 years [11]. The importance of animal
models in developing ASMs also shows that animal models react to ASMs
similarly to human seizures, which is a necessary condition for any
medication development program but is frequently disregarded in the
clinical setting. Animal models for other central nervous system (CNS)
illnesses, such as bipolar disorders or migraine, do not have the same
high predictive value [9].
Inside animals, the enormous phenotypic variety and known naturally
occurring diseases of any land mammal other than humans are seen in
domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), making an excellent
translational medicine model [12] . Dogs are also the
principal non-rodent species used in preclinical drug development,
notably for testing drug efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and safety[13] . The brains of both dogs and humans are gyrencephalic,
which is significant for translational neuroscience because mice and
rats have lissencephalic brains [14] . The most prevalent
neurological condition affecting canines is epilepsy [15] .
At the same time, the mention of employing canines with innate epilepsy
as a viable comparative model of the fundamental cause and treatment of
epilepsy dates back to the 1970s [16] . Epilepsy is a group
of complex syndromes with many different etiologies, not a single
illness. As a result, more than 100 in vitro and in vivo epilepsy models
simulate various seizure types [17]. In this study, I
briefly present several different animal epilepsy models, including the
Generalised Tonic-Clonic Seizure (GTCS), Absence Seizure, Myoclonus, and
Status Epilepticus models Figure 1.