[9].
Preclinical usage of animal models is crucial for discovering and developing new ASMs to determine their efficacy and safety before initial human trials [10] . Animal models have served as the basis for the discovery of numerous innovative treatments for epilepsy during the past 80 years [11]. The importance of animal models in developing ASMs also shows that animal models react to ASMs similarly to human seizures, which is a necessary condition for any medication development program but is frequently disregarded in the clinical setting. Animal models for other central nervous system (CNS) illnesses, such as bipolar disorders or migraine, do not have the same high predictive value [9].
Inside animals, the enormous phenotypic variety and known naturally occurring diseases of any land mammal other than humans are seen in domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), making an excellent translational medicine model [12] . Dogs are also the principal non-rodent species used in preclinical drug development, notably for testing drug efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and safety[13] . The brains of both dogs and humans are gyrencephalic, which is significant for translational neuroscience because mice and rats have lissencephalic brains [14] . The most prevalent neurological condition affecting canines is epilepsy [15] . At the same time, the mention of employing canines with innate epilepsy as a viable comparative model of the fundamental cause and treatment of epilepsy dates back to the 1970s [16] . Epilepsy is a group of complex syndromes with many different etiologies, not a single illness. As a result, more than 100 in vitro and in vivo epilepsy models simulate various seizure types [17]. In this study, I briefly present several different animal epilepsy models, including the Generalised Tonic-Clonic Seizure (GTCS), Absence Seizure, Myoclonus, and Status Epilepticus models Figure 1.