1. Study objects
This study retrospectively analyzed 289 patients with non-valvular PAF
who were treated at the Department of Cardiology, Changzhou First
People’s Hospital and Wu Jin Hospital from January 2017 to December
2020. All patients received CPVA treatment for the first time. There
were 177 male patients and 112 female patients. PAF was defined as the
AF occurrence that terminated spontaneously within 7 days, most of which
could terminate within 24 hours. Exclusion criteria: (1) Patients with
history of organic heart diseases such as coronary heart disease,
hypertensive heart disease, cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease,
etc.; (2) Patients with clinical signs and symptoms of cardiac
insufficiency and evidence of cardiac insufficiency in preoperative
echocardiography [left ventricular ejection fraction less than
53%]; (3) Patients with primary mitral valve involvement, such as
endocarditis , rheumatic valvular disease, chordae or papillary muscle
rupture, congenital malformation or mitral valve ring calcification; (4)
Patients were <18 or > 80 years old; (5) Patients
with left atrial appendage emptying velocity (LAAV) <40cm/s,
as measured by transesophageal echocardiography; (6) Patients with
worsened MR after postoperative sinus rhythm was recovered; (7) Patients
with history of thoracotomy; (8) Patients with bleeding diathesis or
intolerance to heparin and anticoagulant drugs; (9) Patients with liver
and kidney dysfunction, respiratory diseases, hyperthyroidism, and
electrolyte disorders. All patients signed written informed consent.
This study was in compliance with the ”Declaration of Helsinki” and was
approved by the Scientific Ethics Committee of Soochow University.