Figure 4: Selection coefficients (exp(βungulate presence)) from step-selection functions assessing whether male and female black bears made movements that placed them in 200-meter proximity of parturient elk more often than expected by chance in northeastern Oregon, 2016-2019. Dots represent point estimates for the selection coefficient for elk presence and bars represent 95% confidence intervals. The gray horizontal line at y = 1 indicates indifference toward parturient elk; values above this line indicate selection and values below the line indicate avoidance.