Literature Search
The medical literature was searched electronically and manually for the gross and topographic anatomy of the vaginal introitus, vaginal vestibule, vaginal orifice, and vaginal outlet. In addition, anatomy articles, conference proceedings, and specializing websites were also included. The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were applied. The following keywords or phrases were used: vaginal delivery, episiotomy, episiotomy tears, episiotomy extension, episiotomy laceration, vaginal outlet; Ostrzenski’s vaginal outlectomy, vaginal orifice, the human vagina, vaginal outlet gross human, vaginal outlet topographic anatomy, human vaginal introitus gross anatomy, human vaginal topographic anatomy, human vaginal orifice gross anatomy, human vaginal orifice topographic anatomy, perineal body location, vaginal posterior-distal laceration, vaginal outlet histology, posterior vaginal colporrhaphy.