Literature Search
The medical literature was searched electronically and manually for the
gross and topographic anatomy of the vaginal introitus, vaginal
vestibule, vaginal orifice, and vaginal outlet. In addition, anatomy
articles, conference proceedings, and specializing websites were also
included. The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were applied. The
following keywords or phrases were used: vaginal delivery, episiotomy,
episiotomy tears, episiotomy extension, episiotomy laceration, vaginal
outlet; Ostrzenski’s vaginal outlectomy, vaginal orifice, the human
vagina, vaginal outlet gross human, vaginal outlet topographic anatomy,
human vaginal introitus gross anatomy, human vaginal topographic
anatomy, human vaginal orifice gross anatomy, human vaginal orifice
topographic anatomy, perineal body location, vaginal posterior-distal
laceration, vaginal outlet histology, posterior vaginal colporrhaphy.