Introductory background

The history of India is incomplete without the river Ganga, the cultural reverence of India is incomplete without Ganga. It would not be wrong to say that Ganga is the most alive river in the world, the biological and chemical properties make it unique from the other rivers.
“Tadevai Tatprakaren Bhavatieti Shrutermatam Dwirupam Chapi Gangavajagneyam Sa Jalrupini~
~Mahatmya Samyutam Nrunam Sevatam Bhakti Muktida Maryada Margvidhina Tatha Brahamapi Budhyatam”
In versus 5 to 6 of Siddhanta Muktavali, philosopher and reformer Vallabhacharya (1478-1530) and Vyasa describe three levels of perception about the river Ganga: first, as a stream of material water, second, as a stream of material water with some spiritual capability, and third, as a stream of water that is the manifestation of divine ’Ganga Maa.’ Since, the times of East India Company, with the upper Ganga canal constructed in 1855, our developmental approach have primarily been to treat Ganga as a stream of material water. Growing population and cities have led to discharge of pollution from industries and municipalities into the river.
The Himalayan Young Fold Mountains, the Gangetic Plain, and the Central Indian highlands make up the majority of the geographical area of the Ganga basin, which is divided into three broad topographic divisions of the Indian subcontinent. Upper Ganga plains, Middle Ganga plains, and Lower Ganga plains are the three main divisions of the Gangetic plains. Figure 1 below shares the flow diagram of the Ganga Basin.