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\begin{document}

\title{Supporting Information for "Leech-Inspired Shape-Encodable Liquid Metal
Robots for Reconfigurable Circuit Welding and Transient Electronics}



\author[1]{Ben Wang}%
\author[1]{Baofeng Zhang}%
\author[1]{Yongzhu Tan}%
\author[2]{Fengtong Ji}%
\author[1]{Guanghui Lv}%
\author[2]{Chengfeng Pan}%
\author[1]{Stephan Handschuh‐Wang}%
\author[2]{Li Zhang}%
\author[1]{Xuechang Zhou}%
\affil[1]{Shenzhen University}%
\affil[2]{The Chinese University of Hong Kong}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 27, 2024}


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\emph{}* Corresponding author. E-mail: X.Z.: xczhou@szu.edu.cn; L.Z.:
lizhang@mae.cuhk.edu.hk; B.W.: benwang@szu.edu.cn

\emph{Supplementary Materials include:}

\textbf{Fig. S1.} Snapshots showing the successive shape transformation
of a leech.

\textbf{Fig. S2.} Optical photographs of the shape transformation of a
liquid metal droplet into a semi-circle with different radians.

\textbf{Fig. S3.} SEM images of the integral and enlarged views of the
superhydrophobic petri dish surface.

\textbf{Fig. S4.} SEM images of the integral and enlarged views of the
silicon surface.

\textbf{Fig. S5.} Restoration of a damaged circuit.

\textbf{Movie S1.} Leech-inspired liquid metal robots with controlled
deformability.

\textbf{Movie S2.} Magnetically controlled splitting of the LM composite
robots.

\textbf{Movie S3.} Magnetically controlled coalescence of the LM
composite robots.

\textbf{Movie S4.} Reversible phase transition of the liquid metal
droplet robot between liquid state and solid state.

\textbf{Movie S5.} Reconfigurable circuit connection with the conductive
liquid metal droplet robots.\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/image1/image1}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Fig. S1} Snapshots showing the successive shape transformation
of a leech.\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/image2/image2}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Fig. R2} Photographs showing the dispersibility of
Fe\textsubscript{3}O\textsubscript{4}particles (a) and carbonyl iron
particles (b) with similar size of about 1\textasciitilde{}5 \selectlanguage{greek}μ\selectlanguage{english}m in
liquid metal by the grinding and stirring process.\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/image3/image3}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Fig. S3} Optical photographs of the shape transformation of a
liquid metal droplet into a semi-circle with different radians.\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/image4/image4}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Fig. S4} Schematic showing the reversible assembly of separated
rotating particle chains inside the liquid metal droplet with and
without magnetic field. The right image showing the microparticle chains
are formed under a processing magnetic field with frequency \selectlanguage{greek}ω,
\selectlanguage{english}precession angle \selectlanguage{greek}θ \selectlanguage{english}and field strength B. \selectlanguage{greek}α \selectlanguage{english}is the phase lag which is the
angle between the magnetic field and long axis of the particle chain.\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/image5/image5}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Fig. S5} Schematic showing the splitting instability of magnetic
liquid metal droplet. \selectlanguage{greek}\emph{λ\textsubscript{C}}\selectlanguage{english} is critical wavelength
and \emph{d} is diameter.\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/image6/image6}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Fig. S6} SEM images of the integral and enlarged views of the
superhydrophobic petri dish surface that used in Figure 5.\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/image7/image7}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Fig. S7} SEM images of the integral and enlarged views of the
silicon surface that used in Figure 5.\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/image8/image8}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

\textbf{Fig. S8 Restoration of a damaged circuit.} (a) Schematic diagram
showing the process of the liquid metal soft robot reaching the damaged
part and repairing it. (b) Optical image during the actuation and
repairing operation: (b1) shows the deployment of the droplet, (b2-b5)
show movement of the droplet to the damaged part of the circuit, (b6 and
b8) show further deployment of liquid metal robots. (b7 and b9)
Actuation of the additional droplets to the damaged circuit. (b10)
Repaired circuit and (b11) magnification of the repaired part of the
circuit. Light up of the LED signifies a closed circuit.

\par\null

Rich media available at \url{https://youtu.be/LZyU7YU\_pWk}



Rich media available at \url{https://youtu.be/ZWZEFhi2LJ0}



Rich media available at \url{https://youtu.be/xrxS5zw9tV0}



Rich media available at \url{https://youtu.be/0u0uKTFBivw}



Rich media available at \url{https://youtu.be/sJgbJew\_OB4}

\selectlanguage{english}
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\end{document}

