References
Ashby, W. C. (1997). Soil ripping and herbicides enhance tree and shrub
restoration on stripmines. Restoration Ecology, 5 (2), 169-177.
doi:10.1046/j.1526-100X.1997.09720.x
Bates, D., Machler, M., Bolker, B. M., & Walker, S. C. (2015). Fitting
Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4. Journal of Statistical
Software, 67 (1), 1-48. doi:10.18637/jss.v067.i01
Bauman, J. M., Keiffer, C. H., & McCarthy, B. C. (2014). Growth
performance and chestnut blight incidence (Cryphonectria parasitica) of
backcrossed chestnut seedlings in surface mine restoration. New
Forests, 45 (6), 813-828. doi:10.1007/s11056-014-9439-3
Beckett, C. T. S., Glenn, D., Bradley, K., Guzzomi, A. L., Merritt, D.,
& Fourie, A. B. (2017). Compaction conditions greatly affect growth
during early plant establishment. Ecological Engineering, 106 ,
471-481. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.04.053
Benjamin, J. G., Nielsen, D. C., & Vigil, M. F. (2003). Quantifying
effects of soil conditions on plant growth and crop production.Geoderma, 116 (1-2), 137-148. doi:10.1016/s0016-7061(03)00098-3
Bohrer, S. L., Limb, R. F., Daigh, A. L., Volk, J. M., & Wick, A. F.
(2017). Fine and Coarse-Scale Patterns of Vegetation Diversity on
Reclaimed Surface Mine-land Over a 40-Year Chronosequence.Environmental Management, 59 (3), 431-439.
doi:10.1007/s00267-016-0795-y
Bohrer, S. L., Limb, R. F., Daigh, A. L. M., & Volk, J. M. (2017).
BELOWGROUND ATTRIBUTES ON RECLAIMED SURFACE MINE LANDS OVER A 40-YEAR
CHRONOSEQUENCE. Land Degradation & Development, 28 (7),
2290-2297. doi:10.1002/ldr.2758
Busscher, W. J., Bauer, P. J., & Frederick, J. R. (2002). Recompaction
of a coastal loamy sand after deep tillage as a function of subsequent
cumulative rainfall. Soil & Tillage Research, 68 (1), 49-57.
doi:10.1016/s0167-1987(02)00083-1
Camill, P., McKone, M. J., Sturges, S. T., Severud, W. J., Ellis, E.,
Limmer, J., . . . Trout, A. (2004). Community- and ecosystem-level
changes in a species-rich tallgrass prairie restoration.Ecological Applications, 14 (6), 1680-1694. doi:10.1890/03-5273
Fields-Johnson, C. W., Burger, J. A., Evans, D. M., & Zipper, C. E.
(2014). Ripping Improves Tree Survival and Growth on Unused Reclaimed
Mined Lands. Environmental Management, 53 (6), 1059-1065.
doi:10.1007/s00267-014-0261-7
Foster, B. L., & Tilman, D. (2000). Dynamic and static views of
succession: Testing the descriptive power of the chronosequence
approach. Plant Ecology, 146 (1), 1-10.
doi:10.1023/a:1009895103017
Fox, J. and S. Weisberg (2019) An {R} Companion to Applied Regression,
Third Edition. Thousand Oaks CA: Sage.
URL:https://socialsciences.mcmaster.ca/jfox/Books/Companion/
Getahun, G. T., Katterer, T., Munkholm, L. J., Parvage, M. M., Keller,
T., Rychel, K., & Kirchmann, H. (2018). Short-term effects of loosening
and incorporation of straw slurry into the upper subsoil on soil
physical properties and crop yield. Soil & Tillage Research,
184 , 62-67. doi:10.1016/j.still.2018.06.007
Hamza, M. A., & Anderson, W. K. (2005). Soil compaction in cropping
systems - A review of the nature, causes and possible solutions.Soil & Tillage Research, 82 (2), 121-145.
doi:10.1016/j.still.2004.08.009
Hangen, E., Buczko, U., Bens, O., Brunotte, J., & Huttl, R. F. (2002).
Infiltration patterns into two soils under conventional and conservation
tillage: influence of the spatial distribution of plant root structures
and soil animal activity. Soil & Tillage Research, 63 (3-4),
181-186. doi:10.1016/s0167-1987(01)00234-3
Holl, K. D. (2002). Long-term vegetation recovery on reclaimed coal
surface mines in the eastern USA. Journal of Applied Ecology,
39 (6), 960-970. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2664.2002.00767.x
Jabro, J. D., Iversen, W. M., Evans, R. G., Allen, B. L., & Stevens, W.
B. (2014). Repeated Freeze-Thaw Cycle Effects on Soil Compaction in a
Clay Loam in Northeastern Montana. Soil Science Society of America
Journal, 78 (3), 737-744. doi:10.2136/sssaj2013.07.0280
Kulli, B., Gysi, M., & Fluhler, H. (2003). Visualizing soil compaction
based on flow pattern analysis. Soil & Tillage Research, 70 (1),
29-40. doi:10.1016/s0167-1987(02)00121-6
Lenth, R. V. (2016). Least-Squares Means: The R Package lsmeans.Journal of Statistical Software, 69 (1), 1-33.
doi:10.18637/jss.v069.i01
McDonald, R. I., Fargione, J., Kiesecker, J., Miller, W. M., & Powell,
J. (2009). Energy Sprawl or Energy Efficiency: Climate Policy Impacts on
Natural Habitat for the United States of America. Plos One, 4 (8).
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0006802
McSweeney, K., & Jansen, I. J. (1984). SOIL STRUCTURE AND ASSOCIATED
ROOTING BEHAVIOR IN MINESOILS. Soil Science Society of America
Journal, 48 (3), 607-612. doi:10.2136/sssaj1984.03615995004800030028x
Mendiburu, Felipe de (2020) agricolae: Statistical Procedures for
Agricultural Research. R
package version 1.3-3. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=agricolae
Middleton, E. L., Bever, J. D., & Schultz, P. A. (2010). The Effect of
Restoration Methods on the Quality of the Restoration and Resistance to
Invasion by Exotics. Restoration Ecology, 18 (2), 181-187.
doi:10.1111/j.1526-100X.2008.00501.x
NDAWN North Dakota Agricultural Weather Network (2021) North Dakota
State University (http://ndawn.ndsu.nodak.edu) Accessed date 01/2021
Oksanen, J.F., F. G. Blanchet, M. Friendly, R. Kindt, P. Legendre, D.
McGlinn, P. R. Minchin, R. B. O’Hara, G. L. Simpson, P. Solymos, M.H.H.
Stevens, E. Szoecs, and H. Wagner (2019). vegan: Community Ecology
Package. R package version 2.5-6.
https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan
Otto, C. R. V., Roth, C. L., Carlson, B. L., & Smart, M. D. (2016).
Land-use change reduces habitat suitability for supporting managed honey
bee colonies in the Northern Great Plains. Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113 (37),
10430-10435. doi:10.1073/pnas.1603481113
Pauletto, E. A., Stumpf, L., Pinto, L. F. S., da Silva, T. S., Ambus, J.
V., Garcia, G. F., . . . Albert, R. P. (2016). Reclamation of a Degraded
Coal-Mining Area with Perennial Cover Crops. Revista Brasileira De
Ciencia Do Solo, 40 .
Pauletto, E. A., Stumpf, L., Pinto, L. F. S., Silva, T. S. d., Ambus, J.
V., Garcia, G. F., . . . Albert, R. P. (2016). Reclamation of a Degraded
Coal-Mining Area with Perennial Cover Crops. Revista Brasileira De
Ciencia Do Solo, 40 (0), e0150482. doi:10.1590/18069657rbcs20150482
Preston, T. M., & Kim, K. (2016). Land cover changes associated with
recent energy development in the Williston Basin; Northern Great Plains,
USA. Science of the Total Environment, 566 , 1511-1518.
doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.038
Redente, E. F., & Hargis, N. E. (1985). AN EVALUATION OF SOIL THICKNESS
AND MANIPULATION OF SOIL AND SPOIL FOR RECLAIMING MINED LAND IN
NORTHWEST COLORADO. Reclamation & Revegetation Research, 4 (1),
17-29.
Redente, E. F., McLendon, T., & Agnew, W. (1997). Influence of topsoil
depth on plant community dynamics of a seeded site in northwest
Colorado. Arid Soil Research and Rehabilitation, 11 (2), 139-149.
doi:10.1080/15324989709381467
Schneider, F., Don, A., Hennings, I., Schmittmann, O., & Seidel, S. J.
(2017). The effect of deep tillage on crop yield - What do we really
know? Soil & Tillage Research, 174 , 193-204.
doi:10.1016/j.still.2017.07.005
Shaffer, J. A., & Buhl, D. A. (2016). Effects of wind-energy facilities
on breeding grassland bird distributions. Conservation Biology,
30 (1), 59-71. doi:10.1111/cobi.12569
Sheoran, V., Sheoran, A. S., & Poonia, P. (2010) SOIL RECLAMATION OF
ABANDONED MINE LAND BY REVEGETATION: A REVIEW. International
Journal of Soil, Sediment and Water : 3(2 ) , 1-20
Sluis, W. J. (2002). Patterns of species richness and composition in
re-created grassland. Restoration Ecology, 10 (4), 677-684.
doi:10.1046/j.1526-100X.2002.01048.x
SMCRA (1977) Surface Mining Control and Reclamaiton Act Office of
Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (SMRE)-Laws, Regulations, and
Guidance. https://www.osmre.gov/lrg.shtm. Accessed 09/19/2018.
Stoessel, F., Sonderegger, T., Bayer, P., & Hellweg, S. (2018).
Assessing the environmental impacts of soil compaction in Life Cycle
Assessment. Science of the Total Environment, 630 , 913-921.
doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.222
Stumpf, L., Pauletto, E. A., & Pinto, L. F. S. (2016). Soil aggregation
and root growth of perennial grasses in a constructed clay minesoil.Soil & Tillage Research, 161 , 71-78.
doi:10.1016/j.still.2016.03.005
Tardieu, F. (1994). GROWTH AND FUNCTIONING OF ROOTS AND OF ROOT SYSTEMS
SUBJECTED TO SOIL COMPACTION - TOWARDS A SYSTEM WITH MULTIPLE SIGNALING.Soil & Tillage Research, 30 (2-4), 217-243.
doi:10.1016/0167-1987(94)90006-x
Trainor, A. M., McDonald, R. I., & Fargione, J. (2016). Energy Sprawl
Is the Largest Driver of Land Use Change in United States. Plos
One, 11 (9). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162269
Unger, P. W., & Kaspar, T. C. (1994). SOIL COMPACTION AND ROOT-GROWTH -
A REVIEW. Agronomy Journal, 86 (5), 759-766.
doi:10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600050004x
USDA-NRCSa (2021a) United States Dept. of Agriculture, Natural Resources
Conservation Service Web Soil Survey
(http://websoilsurvey.sc.egov.usda.gov/) Soil Survey Statff Accessed
01/2021
USDA-NRCSb (2021b) United States Dept. of Agriculture, Natural Resources
Conservation Service The PLANTS Database
(http://plants.usda.gov) National Plant
Data Team Accessed 02/2021
Zhao, Y. G., Pang, H. C., Wang, J., Huo, L., & Li, Y. Y. (2014).
Effects of straw mulch and buried straw on soil moisture and salinity in
relation to sunflower growth and yield. Field Crops Research,
161 , 16-25. doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2014.02.006