Perforation site Sternotomy Sternotomy VATS
Left atrium Left atrium 5 5
Left atrial appendage Left atrial appendage 0 4
Left ventricle Left ventricle 2 1
Left internal mammary artery Left internal mammary artery 0 2
Right atrium Right atrium 0 1
Right ventricle Right ventricle 2 1
Right coronary artery Right coronary artery 1 0
Aorta Aorta 1 0
Coronary sinus Coronary sinus 0 1