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\begin{document}

\title{First-trimester screening for preeclampsia and
small-for-gestational-age: A comparison of the Gaussian and FMF
algorithms}



\author[1]{Berta Serrano}%
\author[1]{Erika Bonacina}%
\author[1]{Carlota Rodo}%
\author[1]{Pablo Garcia-Manau}%
\author[1]{María Ángeles Sánchez-Durán}%
\author[1]{María Pancorbo}%
\author[1]{Cristina Forcada}%
\author[1]{María Teresa Murcia}%
\author[1]{Ana Perestelo}%
\author[1]{Mireia Armengol}%
\author[1]{Manel Mendoza}%
\author[1]{Elena Carreras}%
\affil[1]{Vall d'Hebron Hospital}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 22, 2024}


\begingroup
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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
Objective: To compare the predictive accuracy of the Gaussian and FMF
algorithms for preeclampsia (PE) and small for gestational age fetuses
(SGA). Design: Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.
Setting: Tertiary referral hospital. Population: 2641 singleton
pregnancies attending routine first-trimester scan from October 2015 to
September 2017. Methods: Maternal characteristics, mean arterial blood
pressure (MAP), and mean uterine artery pulsatility index (UtAPI) were
recorded at the first-trimester scan. Serum placental growth factor
(PlGF) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) were assessed
between 8+0 and 13+6 weeks of gestation. Main outcome measures: The
areas under the curve (AUC) for the predictive performance for
early-onset (delivery \textless{}34 weeks) and preterm (delivery
\textless{}37 weeks) PE, and early-onset (delivery \textless{}32 weeks)
and preterm (delivery \textless{}37 weeks) SGA, were calculated with the
Gaussian and FMF algorithms, and were subsequently compared. Results:
Among the 2641 participants, 30 (1.14\%) developed preterm PE, including
11 (0.42\%) early-onset PE. Among the 2483 newborns, 44 (1.77\%) were
preterm SGA, including eight (0.32\%) early-onset SGA. The FMF and the
Gaussian algorithm showed a similar predictive performance for most
outcomes and marker combinations. Conclusions: This study shows that the
first-trimester Gaussian and FMF algorithms have similar performances
for PE and SGA prediction. Accuracy of the FMF algorithm was similar to
that reported in the original studies, adding evidence to its external
validity. Funding: none Keywords: preeclampsia, screening, PlGF,
early-onset preeclampsia, uterine artery Doppler, first trimester
Tweetable abstract: The first-trimester Gaussian and FMF algorithms have
similar predictive performances for preeclampsia and
small-for-gestational-age fetuses.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy


\textbf{First-trimester screening for preeclampsia and
small-for-gestational-age: A comparison of the Gaussian and FMF
algorithms}

Berta Serrano, MD\textsuperscript{1}; Erika Bonacina,
MD\textsuperscript{1}; Carlota Rodo, MD PhD\textsuperscript{1}; Pablo
Garcia-Manau, MD\textsuperscript{1}; Mar\selectlanguage{ngerman}ía Ángeles Sanchez-Duran, MD
PhD\textsuperscript{1}; María Pancorbo, MD\textsuperscript{1}; Cristina
Forcada, MD\textsuperscript{1}; María Teresa Murcia,
MD\textsuperscript{1}; Ana Perestelo, MD\textsuperscript{1}; Mireia
Armengol, MD\textsuperscript{1}; Manel Mendoza, MD
PhD\textsuperscript{1} and Elena Carreras, MD PhD\textsuperscript{1}

\textsuperscript{1}Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of
Obstetrics, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de
Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

\textbf{Short title:} FMF and Gaussian algorithms for preeclampsia and
SGA

\textbf{Address for correspondence:} Dr. Manel Mendoza, Department of
Obstetrics, Maternal Fetal Medicine Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall
d'Hebron. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Passeig de la Vall
d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain.

Tel: +34 934893085. E-mail:\emph{mmendoza@vhebron.net}



\textbf{ABSTRACT}

\textbf{Objective:} To compare the predictive accuracy of the Gaussian
and Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) algorithms for preeclampsia (PE) and
small for gestational age fetuses (SGA).

\textbf{Design:} Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study.

\textbf{Setting:} Tertiary referral hospital.

\textbf{Population:} 2,641 singleton pregnancies attending routine
first-trimester scan from October 2015 to September 2017.

\textbf{Methods:} Maternal characteristics, mean arterial blood
pressure, and mean uterine artery pulsatility index were recorded at the
first-trimester scan. Serum placental growth factor and
pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A were assessed between 8+0 and 13+6
weeks of gestation.

\textbf{Main outcome measures:} The areas under the curve for the
predictive performance for early-onset (delivery \textless{}34 weeks)
and preterm (delivery \textless{}37 weeks) PE, and early-onset (delivery
\textless{}32 weeks) and preterm (delivery \textless{}37 weeks) SGA,
were calculated with the Gaussian and FMF algorithms, and were
subsequently compared.

\textbf{Results:} Among the 2,641 participants, 30 (1.14\%) developed
preterm PE, including 11 (0.42\%) early-onset PE. Among the 2483
newborns, 44 (1.77\%) were preterm SGA, including eight (0.32\%)
early-onset SGA. The FMF and the Gaussian algorithm showed a similar
predictive performance for most outcomes and marker combinations.

\textbf{Conclusions:} This study shows that the first-trimester Gaussian
and FMF algorithms have similar performances for PE and SGA prediction.
Accuracy of the FMF algorithm was similar to that reported in the
original studies, adding evidence to its external validity.

\textbf{Funding:} none

\textbf{Keywords:} preeclampsia, screening, PlGF, early-onset
preeclampsia, uterine artery Doppler, first trimester

\textbf{Tweetable abstract:} The first-trimester Gaussian and FMF
algorithms have similar predictive performances for preeclampsia and
small-for-gestational-age fetuses.



\textbf{INTRODUCTION}

Preeclampsia (PE) and small for gestational age (SGA) are the main
complications of placental disease. First-trimester PE screening using
algorithms that include a combination of maternal characteristics,
biophysical markers (mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and mean uterine
artery pulsatility index (UtAPI)), and biochemical markers (placental
growth factor (PlGF) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A
(PAPP-A)), can accurately predict PE and SGA\textsuperscript{1--4}. The
Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) and Gaussian algorithms can identify
80-90\% of pregnant women who will develop PE with delivery
\textless{}32/\textless{}34 weeks of gestation
(weeks)\textsuperscript{1,5} and 60-70\% of women who will develop PE
with delivery \textless{}37 weeks\textsuperscript{1,6}, at a 10\% false
positive rate (FPR). These algorithms can also predict 50-60\% of SGA
with delivery \textless{}32 weeks and 30-40\% of SGA with delivery
\textless{}37 weeks\textsuperscript{2,4}.

Despite the FMF algorithm is the most used and validated worldwide, the
Gaussian algorithm has some features that confer advantages in the
clinical practice, reason why it is being used for routine
first-trimester PE screening in most maternities across Spain since
2018. Firstly, blood sample for measurements of biochemical markers
(PAPP-A and PlGF) is drawn between 8+0 weeks and 13+6 weeks as with
routine aneuploidy screening (allowing the use of a two-step approach
and immediate PE risk calculation at the first-trimester
scan)\textsuperscript{6}. Secondly, UtAPI assessment can be done both
transabdominally and transvaginally, rendering the algorithm more
versatile to different clinical settings. Thirdly, likelihood ratios for
the \emph{a priori} risk calculation were not derived from the study
population in which the algorithm was investigated, but from a larger
meta-analysis that included more than 25,000,000
pregnancies\textsuperscript{7}. This may render the Gaussian algorithm
less overfitted to a given population and, therefore, more adaptable for
populations with different characteristics.

The FMF algorithm has been developed and prospectively validated in
large populations, showing comparable predictive performances to the
original study\textsuperscript{8--12}. By contrast, the Gaussian
algorithm has been investigated only in a single cohort of participants.
In the past few years, routine PE screening has been implemented in most
hospitals, leaving virtually no women at a high risk for PE without
aspirin treatment to prospectively assess the external validity of the
Gaussian algorithm. Therefore, an indirect approach to test the
performance of the Gaussian algorithm is to compare it with the most
externally validated combined screening tool for PE worldwide: the FMF
algorithm.

The aim of this study was to compare the predictive accuracy for PE and
SGA of the Gaussian and FMF algorithms.

\textbf{METHODS}

This is a secondary analysis of a previously published data, which was
used to test the Gaussian algorithm for early-onset PE
prediction\textsuperscript{3}. That study was conducted in a prospective
fashion at Vall d'Hebron University Hospital (Barcelona) from October
2015 to September 2017. The local ethics committee (CEIC-VHIR
PR(AMI)265/2018) approved the study protocol. A total of 3,777
unselected singleton pregnant women attending their routine
first-trimester scan (from 11+0 to 13+6 weeks of gestation) were invited
to participate, and 2,946 women agreed and provided their written
informed consent. Of those, 305 participants (10.4\%) had to be excluded
due to the following reasons: missing outcome data (n=86), major fetal
defects or chromosomopathies (n=13), miscarriage or fetal death
\textless{}24 weeks (n=15), and insufficient remaining blood sample to
measure PLGF (n=191). Before the implementation of the first-trimester
combined screening for PE in 2018, no PE screening was performed at the
Vall d'Hebron University Hospital; therefore, none of the remaining
2,641 participants received aspirin at any time during their pregnancy.
Neonatal birthweight was not available for 158 participants; therefore,
predictive accuracies for SGA were calculated with 2,483 participants.
Gestational age was confirmed by fetal crown-rump length measurement
during the first-trimester scan\textsuperscript{13}. Maternal
characteristics and medical and obstetric history were recorded at the
first-trimester ultrasound scan via a patient questionnaire. The
following maternal characteristics were recorded: age (years); height
(centimetres); weight (kilograms); ethnicity (white European, South
American, black, Asian, South-East Asian, and others); smoking during
pregnancy (yes/no); and conception method (spontaneous/assisted
reproductive technology/ovulation drugs). Medical history variables
included the presence of chronic hypertension (yes/no), diabetes
mellitus (Type 1/Type2/no), renal disease (yes/no), systemic lupus
erythematosus (yes/no), and antiphospholipid syndrome (yes/no).
Obstetric history variables included parity (nulliparous, defined as no
previous deliveries before 24 weeks vs multiparous), gestational age at
birth (weeks) in the last pregnancy, interval between the last delivery
and the beginning of the current one (years), and personal or family
history of PE (yes/no). Biochemical markers, including serum PAPP-A and
PlGF, were measured at the first-trimester routine blood test for
aneuploidy screening (from 8+0 to 13+6 weeks) by the fully automated
Elecsys assays for PAPP-A and PlGF on an immunoassay platform (cobas e
analyzers; Roche® Diagnostics, Rotkreuz, Switzerland). Biophysical
markers, including MAP and UtAPI, were assessed at the first-trimester
scan. Blood pressure was measured automatically using a calibrated
device according to a standard procedure: a single measurement in one
arm (right or left) while women were seated and after a 5-minute rest.
MAP was calculated as: diastolic blood pressure + (systolic-diastolic
blood pressure)/3. UtAPI was measured following the recommendations of
the FMF\textsuperscript{14}. All examiners were certified by the FMF for
PE risk assessment and Doppler ultrasound assessment.

Small-for-gestational-age newborns were defined as having a birthweight
below the 10th centile according to customized local
charts\textsuperscript{15}. Indication for elective delivery was based
on Doppler ultrasound findings and conventional cardiotocogram
interpretation, according to the current protocol\textsuperscript{16}.
Newborns were classified as early SGA if delivery occurred before 32
weeks and as preterm SGA if delivery occurred before 37 weeks.

PE was defined according to the guidelines of the International Society
for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy: systolic blood pressure of
140 mm Hg or higher and/or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or
higher, confirmed by repeated measurements over a few hours, developing
after 20 weeks in previously normotensive women, accompanied by
proteinuria of 300 mg or higher in 24 h, spot urine protein/creatinine
ratio of 0.3 mg/mg or higher, or dipstick urinalysis of 1+ or higher
when a quantitative method was not available\textsuperscript{17}.
Early-onset and preterm PE were defined as PE requiring delivery before
34 and 37 weeks, respectively.

For the Gaussian algorithm, multiples of the median (MoMs) for each
marker were calculated according to the methodology described in a
previous study\textsuperscript{3}. For the FMF algorithm, MoMs were
obtained using the batch calculation tool provided in the FMF
website\textsuperscript{18}. We then coded the variables required for
the prediction formulas according to the description provided in the
corresponding published articles\textsuperscript{1,3}. For the Gaussian
algorithm, the prenatal screening software SsdwLab 6 (SBP Soft 2007 S.L,
Girona, Spain) was used to calculate early-onset PE probability scores.
For the FMF algorithm, the risk calculation tool provided in the FMF
website was used\textsuperscript{19}.

Besides the ``a priori'' risks, the 4 markers (PAPP-A, PlGF, MAP and
UtAPI) can be incorporated alone or in combination of 2, 3 or 4 for risk
calculation, depending on the markers available in the clinical
practice. Therefore, there are 15 possible marker combinations.
Nevertheless, only the 7 most clinically relevant have been investigated
in this study (MAP alone, MAP + PlGF, MAP + UtAPI, MAP + PAPP-A, MAP +
UtAPI + PAPP-A, MAP + UtAPI + PlGF, and MAP + UtAPI + PlGF + PAPP-A).

\textbf{Statistical Analysis}

The statistical software RStudio Team (version 1.2.5033 {[}2019{]},
RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio, Inc., Boston, MA
URL:\emph{http://www.rstudio.com/}) was used for statistical analysis.
Categorical data were reported as frequency and percentage, and
comparisons between groups were performed by chi-square or Fisher tests,
as appropriate. Continuous variables were reported as the median and
interquartile range, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess
differences between groups. Receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC)
curves were generated and detection rates (DR) at fixed 5\%, 10\%, 15\%,
20\%, 25\% and 30\% false-positive rates (FPR) were calculated for both
algorithms. The predictive accuracies of both algorithms were compared
for a fixed FPR of 10\% as well as for the resulting areas under the
curve (AUC), which were compared by the Delong test\textsuperscript{20}.
The Bonferroni correction was used in all tests when multiple
comparisons were assessed. Statistical significance level was set at
p\textless{}0.05.

\textbf{RESULTS}

Among the 2,641 participants, 30 (1.14\%) women developed preterm PE
including 11 (0.42\%) early-onset PE. Women with chronic hypertension
accounted for 1.1\% (29 of 2,641) of the population, but accounted for
27.3\% and 16.7\% of early-onset and preterm PE cases, respectively.
Women with a history of PE accounted for 1.3\% (35 of 2,641) of the
population, but accounted for 18.2\% and 16.7\% of early-onset and
preterm PE cases, respectively. Median MAP MoM was significantly higher
in early-onset (1.14 {[}1.10-1.37{]}) and preterm PE (1.14
{[}1.10-1.29{]}) patients as compared to unaffected women (1.06
{[}0.97-1.14{]}). Median UtAPI MoM was significantly higher in
early-onset PE (1.32 {[}1.12-2.13{]}) and preterm PE (1.19
{[}1.01-1.44{]}) patients as compared to unaffected women (1.03
{[}0.84-1.26{]}). Median PAPP-A MoM was significantly lower in
early-onset (0.73 {[}0.6-0.93{]}) and preterm PE (0.72 {[}0.57-1.05{]})
patients as compared to unaffected women (1.05 {[}0.75-1.5{]}). Median
PlGF MoM was significantly lower in early-onset PE (0.69
{[}0.52-1.05{]}) and preterm PE (0.78 {[}0.63-0.98{]}) patients as
compared to unaffected women (0.96 {[}0.76-1.19{]}).

Among the 2,483 newborns, 44 (1.77\%) were preterm SGA, including 8
(0.32\%) early-onset SGA. Women with chronic hypertension accounted for
1.2\% (29 of 2,483) of the population, but accounted for 12.5\% and
4.5\% of early-onset and preterm SGA cases, respectively. Women with a
history of PE accounted for 1.4\% (34 of 2,483) of the population, but
accounted for 12.5\% and 4.5\% of early-onset and preterm SGA cases,
respectively. Median MAP MoM did not differ significantly between
groups. Median UtAPI MoM was significantly higher in preterm SGA
patients (1.20 {[}1.02-1.47{]}) as compared to unaffected women (1.02
{[}0.84-1.25{]}). Median PAPP-A MoM was significantly lower in preterm
SGA patients (0.73 {[}0.55-1.10{]}) as compared to unaffected women
(1.06 {[}0.73-1.51{]}). Median PlGF MoM was significantly lower in
early-onset (0.60 {[}0.42-0.79{]}) and preterm SGA patients (0.72
{[}0.61-0.97{]}) as compared to unaffected women (0.96 {[}0.75-1.18{]}).

Characteristics of the study population are summarized in Table 1 and
Table 2.

For prediction of early-onset and preterm PE, and early-onset and
preterm SGA, the Gaussian and FMF algorithms showed a similar predictive
performance with all marker combinations, except for early-onset PE
prediction with MAP and PAPP-A (Gaussian AUC=0.833 {[}0.727-0.939{]} vs
FMF AUC=0.771 {[}0.631-0.911{]}; p=0.002), MAP and PlGF (Gaussian
AUC=0.905 {[}0.844-0.965{]} vs FMF AUC =0.858 {[}0.768-0.947{]};
p=0.01), and MAP alone (Gaussian AUC=0.795 {[}0.679-0.912{]} vs FMF
AUC=0.758 {[}0.621-0.895{]}; p=0.02), where the FMF algorithm showed a
significantly lower AUC.

For early-onset PE prediction, the Gaussian algorithm showed the
greatest AUC when combining maternal history, MAP, UtAPI and PlGF (0.951
{[}0.919-0.983{]}), followed by the combination of all markers (0.945
{[}0.912-0.979{]}). The FMF algorithm showed the greatest AUC when
combining all markers (0.945 {[}0.908-0.982{]}).

For preterm PE prediction, the Gaussian algorithm showed the greatest
AUC when combining maternal history, MAP and PlGF (0.802
{[}0.722-0.881{]}), followed by the combination of all markers without
PAPP-A (0.798 {[}0.704-0.893{]}). The FMF algorithm showed the greatest
AUC when combining all markers (0.818 {[}0.728-0.907{]}).

For early-onset SGA prediction, the Gaussian algorithm showed the
greatest AUC when combining maternal history, MAP and PlGF (0.840
{[}0.710-0.970{]}), followed by the combination of all markers without
PAPP-A (0.811 {[}0.641-0.982{]}). The FMF algorithm showed the greatest
AUC when combining all markers (0.906 {[}0.834-0.978{]}).

For preterm SGA prediction, the Gaussian algorithm showed the greatest
AUC when combining maternal history, MAP, UtAPI and PlGF (0.697
{[}0.612-0.782{]}), followed by the combination of all markers (0.684
{[}0.598-0.769{]}). The FMF algorithm showed the greatest AUC when
combining all markers (0.727 {[}0.645-0.809{]}).

\textbf{DISCUSSION}

\textbf{Main findings}

This study shows that the Gaussian and FMF algorithms have similar
predictive accuracies for PE and SGA, except for early-onset PE, where
the FMF algorithm showed a significantly lower AUC with the combinations
of MAP and PAPP-A, MAP and PlGF, and MAP alone. These significant
differences could be partly attributed to the different methodology
required for MAP assessment in both algorithms. In this study, MAP was
measured once, in only one arm and after a 5-minute rest, while the FMF
algorithm was designed with an average of two MAP measurements performed
at 1-minute intervals in both arms simultaneously after a 5-minute
rest\textsuperscript{21}. This different methodology for MAP
measurements may have affected the accuracy of all combinations
including MAP in the FMF algorithm, but especially MAP alone or those
combinations including MAP with one other factor.

\textbf{Strengths and limitations}

One of the main strengths of the study includes the prospective
enrolment of patients. Additionally, this study was performed within the
context of routine clinical practice and patients were seen by their
usual physicians, making the results more reliable and applicable in
routine care settings. Furthermore, this is the first study assessing
the performance of the FMF algorithm exclusively in a Spanish cohort and
in a clinical setting where MAP was measured once and only in one arm,
showing comparable results to those reported in the original study.
Despite a previous study showed that prediction of PE is similar when
biomarkers are measured before or after 11 weeks\textsuperscript{6}, the
FMF algorithm was designed with biomarkers assessed between 11+0 and
13+6 weeks. In this study biomarkers were measured before 11+0 weeks in
1,675 (63.4\%) women. Therefore, another remarkable strength of our work
is that it provides evidence of the applicability of the FMF and
Gaussian algorithms before and after 11 weeks for predicting PE and SGA.

The main limitation of our study is the low number of cases with
early-onset SGA and early-onset PE, and the relatively low number of
cases with preterm SGA and preterm PE. Additionally, indication for
elective delivery of SGA fetuses based on Doppler and cardiotocogram
findings may be different when using other fetal growth restriction
protocols. However, Doppler and cardiotocogram classification is rather
uniform in Spain, where the Gaussian algorithm is widely used. Another
limitation to be noted is that the technique for MAP measurements may
potentially reduce the FMF algorithm's performance and could explain its
lower AUC versus the Gaussian algorithm for some marker combinations.

\textbf{Interpretation}

The FMF algorithm has been externally validated by several studies in
various populations, showing comparable performance to that of the
original study. Nevertheless, one study showed that some algorithms
could underperform when applied to populations that were different to
the population where they were developed\textsuperscript{22}. In this
study, we show that performance of the FMF algorithm in a Spanish
population was similar to the performance obtained in the original
study, further supporting the external validity of the FMF algorithm. By
contrast, the predictive ability of the Gaussian algorithm has not been
evaluated in other studies, aside from the original study where it was
first validated. It must be noted that the Gaussian algorithm was not
developed in our population, but just validated, since this algorithm
was constructed using previously published data from a large
meta-analysis. This might make this algorithm less likely to be
overfitted to our population and therefore, less likely to underperform
when applied to a different population. Since the first-trimester PE
screening and aspirin prescription has been implemented in most
countries across Europe, prospective external validation of the Gaussian
algorithm in untreated populations seems unlikely. Therefore, a
reasonable indirect approach to assess the predictive performance of the
Gaussian algorithm is to compare it with the FMF algorithm, which has
been extensively validated in various large populations. Although our
results cannot be considered an external validation of the Gaussian
algorithm, the similar accuracies of both algorithms suggest that the
FMF algorithm is unlikely to outperform the Gaussian algorithm in our
population where it is being routinely used in most maternities since
2018. For this reason, we believe that the Gaussian algorithm might be a
reasonable alternative to the FMF algorithm for those settings where the
latter cannot be applied dur to ultrasonographers performing UtAPI both
transabdominally and transvaginally of for settings measuring biomarkers
for the aneuploidy and PE screenings before 11 weeks.

Additionally, as seen in previous studies\textsuperscript{23}, we
confirm that PAPP-A does not increase the predictive accuracy of any of
the algorithms when PlGF was being used; however, when PlGF is not
available, PAPP-A could increase DR by 5\% with some marker
combinations.

Finally, we observed that a single measurement of MAP could decrease the
predictive accuracy of the FMF algorithm; therefore, the appropriate
methodology should be performed when using this algorithm.

\textbf{CONCLUSION}

In conclusion, this study shows that the first-trimester Gaussian and
FMF algorithms have similar predictive performances for PE and SGA in a
Spanish population within a routine care setting. The accuracy of the
FMF algorithm in our study was similar to that reported in previous
studies, adding evidence to its external validity.

\textbf{ACKNOWLEDGMENTS}

We thank María del Mar Jiménez Quesada for English language correction
of the manuscript, all the physicians who facilitated the recruitment of
individuals at the Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron and all the
participants who agreed to take part in this study.

\textbf{DISCLOSURE OF INTEREST}

This study was supported by Roche Diagnostics, who provided the reagents
used for PlGF measurements. The authors report no conflict of interest.
Roche Diagnostics had no influence on the study design, data collection,
data analysis or interpretation of results.

\textbf{CONTRIBUTION TO AUTHORSHIP}

BS, MM and EC had full access to all of the data in the study and take
full responsibility for the integrity of the data and accuracy of the
data analysis. BS, MM and EC conceived and designed the study. BS, EB,
CR, PGM, MAS, MP, CF, MTM, AP and MA contributed to literature research.
BS, EB, CR, PGM, MAS, MP, CF, MTM, AP and MA contributed to data
collection and confirmation. BS, EB and MM contributed to data analysis.
BS, EB, MM and EC contributed to data interpretation. BS and MM were in
charge of writing the manuscript draft. EC made substantial revisions to
the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

\textbf{DETAILS OF ETHICAL APPROVAL}

This study was approved by the Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Ethics
Committee (CEIC-VHIR PR(AMI)265/2018). Informed consent was obtained in
all patients, wich was included in the patient's medical record.

\textbf{FUNDING}

None.

\textbf{REFERENCES}

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al. Screening for pre-eclampsia by maternal factors and biomarkers at
11--13 weeks' gestation. \emph{Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol}
2018;\textbf{52:} 186-195.

2. Tan MY, Poon LC, Rolnik DL, Syngelaki A, de Paco Matallana C,
Akolekar R, et al. Prediction and prevention of
small-for-gestational-age neonates: evidence from SPREE and
ASPRE.\emph{Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol} 2018; \textbf{52:} 52-59.

3. Serra B, Mendoza M, Scazzocchio E, Meler E, Nolla M, Sabrià E, et al.
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4. Mendoza M, Serrano B, Bonacina E, Capote S, Garcia-Manau P, Regincós
L, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of the Gaussian first-trimester combined
screening for pre-eclampsia to predict small-for-gestational-age
neonates. \emph{Int J Gynaecol Obstet.} 2021.

5. Mendoza M, Tur H, Garcia-Manau P, Hurtado I, Serrano B,
Lopez-Martinez RM, et al. Cut-off values for Gaussian first-trimester
screening for early-onset preeclampsia with maternal history,
biochemical markers and uterine artery Doppler. \emph{J Gynecol Obstet
Hum Reprod} . 2021; \textbf{50:} 101827.

6. Mendoza M, Garcia\selectlanguage{english}-Manau P, Arevalo S, Aviles M, Serrano B,
Sanchez\selectlanguage{english}-Duran MA, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of first-trimester combined
screening for early-onset and preterm preeclampsia at 8-10 weeks
compared to 11-13 weeks gestation. \emph{Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol}2021;
\textbf{57:} 84-90.

7. Bartsch E, Medcalf KE, Park AL, Ray JG. Clinical risk factors for
pre-eclampsia determined in early pregnancy: systematic review and
meta-analysis of large cohort studies. \emph{BMJ} 2016;
\textbf{353:}i1753.

8. Lobo GAR, Nowak PM, Panigassi AP, Lima AIF, Araujo Junior E, Nardozza
LMM, et al. Validation of Fetal Medicine Foundation algorithm for
prediction of pre-eclampsia in the first trimester in an unselected
Brazilian population. \emph{J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med}
2019;\textbf{32:} 286-292.

9. O'Gorman N, Wright D, Poon LC, Rolnik DL, Syngelaki A, de Alvarado M,
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biomarkers at 11-13 weeks' gestation: comparison with NICE guidelines
and ACOG recommendations. \emph{Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol}
2017;\textbf{49:} 756-760.

10. Chaemsaithong P, Pooh RK, Zheng M, Ma R, Chaiyasit N, Tokunaka M, et
al. Prospective evaluation of screening performance of first-trimester
prediction models for preterm preeclampsia in an Asian
population.\emph{Am J Obstet Gynecol} 2019; \textbf{221:}
650.e1-650.e16.

11. Sonek J, Krantz D, Carmichael J, Downing C, Jessup K, Haidar Z, et
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maternal characteristics, biomarkers, and estimated placental
volume.\emph{Am J Obstet Gynecol} . 2018; \textbf{218} : 126.e1-126.e13.

12. Park FJ, Leung CHY, Poon LCY, Williams PF, Rothwell SJ, Hyett JA.
Clinical evaluation of a first trimester algorithm predicting the risk
of hypertensive disease of pregnancy. \emph{Aust N Z J Obstet
Gynaecol}2013; \textbf{53:} 532-539.

13. Robinson HP, Fleming JE. A critical evaluation of sonar ``crown-rump
length'' measurements. \emph{Br J Obstet Gynaecol} 1975;
\textbf{82:}702-710.

14. Martin AM, Bindra R, Curcio P, Cicero S, Nicolaides KH. Screening
for pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction by uterine artery Doppler
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15. Carrascosa A, Yeste D, Copil A, Almar J, Salcedo S, Gussinye M.
Anthropometric growth patterns of preterm and full-term newborns (24-42
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(Barcelona)(1997-2002). \emph{An Pediatr} . 2004; \textbf{60} : 406--16.

16. Figueras F, Gratacos E. An integrated approach to fetal growth
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Gynaecology} . 2017; \textbf{38} : 48-58.

17. Brown MA, Magee LA, Kenny LC, Karumanchi SA, McCarthy FP, Saito S,
et al. Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: ISSHP Classification,
Diagnosis, and Management Recommendations for International
Practice.\emph{Hypertension} 2018; \textbf{72:} 24-43.

18. The Fetal Medicine Foundation reasearch tools: calculation of MoMs.
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19. The Fetal Medicine Foundation reasearch tools: preeclampsia batch
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2019{]}.

20. DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL. Comparing the areas under
two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a
nonparametric approach. \emph{Biometrics} 1988; \textbf{44:} 837-845.

21. Poon LC, Shennan A, Hyett JA, Kapur A, Hadar E, Divakar H, et al.
The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)
initiative on pre-eclampsia: A pragmatic guide for first-trimester
screening and prevention. \emph{Int J Gynaecol Obstet} .
2019;\textbf{145} Suppl 1:1-33.

22. Oliveira N, Magder LS, Blitzer MG, Baschat AA. First-trimester
prediction of pre-eclampsia: external validity of algorithms in a
prospectively enrolled cohort. \emph{Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol}
2014;\textbf{44:} 279-285.

23. Mazer Zumaeta A, Wright A, Syngelaki A, Maritsa VA, Da Silva AB,
Nicolaides KH. Screening for pre-eclampsia at 11--13 weeks' gestation:
use of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, placental growth factor or
both. \emph{Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol} 2020; \textbf{56:} 400-407.

\textbf{Table 1. Baseline characteristics of the study population based
on preeclampsia outcome.}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}llll@{}}
\toprule
& \textbf{PE \textless{}34 weeks} \textbf{(n=11)} & \textbf{PE
\textless{}37 weeks} \textbf{(n=30)} & \textbf{No PE \textless{}37
weeks} \textbf{(n=2611)}\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
\textbf{Age in years, median (IQR)} & 34 (32-37) & 35.5 (31-38)+ & 32
(28-36)\selectlanguage{ngerman}§\tabularnewline
\textbf{BMI in kg/m2, median (IQR)} & 23.1 (22.5-32.1) & 24.0
(22.5-27.6) & 23.8 (21.3-27.5)\tabularnewline
\textbf{Ethnicity} & & &\tabularnewline
White & 10 (90.9\%) & 25 (83.3\%) & 2209 (84.6\%)\tabularnewline
Black & 0 (0.0\%) & 1 (3.3\%) & 71 (2.72\%)\tabularnewline
Mixed & 1 (9.1\%) & 2 (6.7\%) & 209 (8.0\%)\tabularnewline
Asian & 0 (0.0\%) & 2 (6.7\%) & 63 (2.41\%)\tabularnewline
South-east Asian & 0 (0.0\%) & 0 (0.0\%) & 59 (2.26\%)\tabularnewline
\textbf{Smoking during pregnancy} & 1 (9.1\%) & 3 (10.0\%) & 309
(11.8\%)\tabularnewline
\textbf{ART} & 1 (9.1\%) & 2 (6.7\%) & 93 (3.6\%)\tabularnewline
Insemination & 1 (9.1\%) & 1 (3.3\%) & 16 (0.6\%)\tabularnewline
IVF & 0 (0.0\%) & 1 (3.3\%) & 77(2.95\%)\tabularnewline
IVF with egg donation & 0 (0.0\%) & 1 (3.3\%) & 25
(0.96\%)\tabularnewline
\textbf{Medical history} & & &\tabularnewline
Chronic Hypertension & 3 (27.3\%)+ & 5 (16.7\%)+ & 24 (0.9\%)
++\selectlanguage{ngerman}§\tabularnewline
Diabetes mellitus & 0 (0.0\%) & 1 (3.3\%) & 35 (1.3\%)\tabularnewline
Autoimmune disease & 0 (0.0\%) & 3 (10.0\%) & 105 (4.0\%)\tabularnewline
APS & 0 (0.0\%) & 1 (3.3\%) & 8 (0.3\%)\tabularnewline
\textbf{Obstetric history} & & &\tabularnewline
Nulliparous & 2 (18.2\%) & 13 (43.3\%) & 1219 (46.7\%)\tabularnewline
Previous preeclampsia & 2 (18.2\%)+ & 5 (16.7\%)+ & 30
(1.1\%)++\selectlanguage{ngerman}§\tabularnewline
\textbf{Biophysical variables} & & &\tabularnewline
GA at the time of first-trimester ultrasound scan in weeks, median (IQR)
& 12.7 (12.3-13.3) & 12.7 (12.3-13.3) & 12.6 (12.1-13)\tabularnewline
MAP in mmHg, median (IQR) & 96 (88.3-104.3)+ & 91.2 (86.7-97.3)+ & 84.3
(78.7-90.7)++\selectlanguage{ngerman}§\tabularnewline
MoM MAP, median (IQR) & 1.14 (1.10-1.37)+ & 1.14 (1.10-1.29)+ & 1.06
(0.97-1.14)++\selectlanguage{ngerman}§\tabularnewline
Mean UtAPI, median (IQR) & 2.25 (1.89-3.05)+\selectlanguage{ngerman}§ & 1.91 (1.71-2.31)+++ &
1.68 (1.34-2.05)++\selectlanguage{ngerman}§\tabularnewline
MoM UtAPI, median (IQR) & 1.32 (1.12-2.13)+ & 1.19 (1.01-1.44)+ & 1.03
(0.84-1-26)++\selectlanguage{ngerman}§\tabularnewline
\textbf{Biochemical variables} & & &\tabularnewline
GA for PAPP-A + PlGF measurement, median (IQR) & 11.4 (9.9-12.3) & 10.9
(9.9-11.7) & 10.6 (10-11.3)\tabularnewline
PAPP-A in mU/L, median (IQR) & 1373 (607.3-2291) & 1158 (602.3-2291) &
1358 (823.2-2370)\tabularnewline
MoM PAPP-A, median (IQR) & 0.73 (0.6-0.93)+ & 0.72 (0.57-1.05)+ & 1.05
(0.73-1.5)++\selectlanguage{ngerman}§\tabularnewline
PlGF in pg/mL, median (IQR) & 22.3 (19.0-29.8)+ & 25.0 (19.3-31.7)+ &
32.2 (24.3-43.0)++\selectlanguage{ngerman}§\tabularnewline
MoM PlGF, median (IQR) & 0.69 (0.52-1.05)+ & 0.78 (0.63-0.98)+ & 0.96
(0.76-1.19)++\selectlanguage{ngerman}§\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}\selectlanguage{ngerman}

.

Categorical data are reported as frequency and percentage. Continuous
data are reported as the median and interquartile range. APS,
antiphospholipid syndrome; ART, assisted reproductive technique; BMI,
body mass index; FGR, fetal growth restriction; GA, gestational age;
IQR, interquartile range; IVF, \emph{in vitro} fertilization; MAP, mean
arterial pressure; MoM, multiples of median; PE, preeclampsia; PAAP-A,
pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A; PlGF, placental growth factor;
UtAPI, uterine artery pulsatility index.

\selectlanguage{english}+ Significant difference as compared to unaffected women; \selectlanguage{english}++ Significant
difference as compared to early-onset preeclampsia; SS Significant
difference as compared to women with preterm preeclampsia. \textbf{Table
2. Baseline characteristics of the study population based on
small-for-gestational-age outcome.}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}llll@{}}
\toprule
& \textbf{SGA \textless{}32 weeks} \textbf{(n=8)} & \textbf{SGA
\textless{}37 weeks} \textbf{(n=44)} & \textbf{No SGA \textless{}37
weeks} \textbf{(n=2439)}\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
\textbf{Age in years, median (IQR)} & 31.5 (29-33) & 32 (28.5-37) & 32
(28-36)\tabularnewline
\textbf{BMI in kg/m2, median (IQR)} & 23.1 (21.9-24.5) & 23.1
(20.2-26.4) & 23.9 (21.4-27.6)\tabularnewline
\textbf{Ethnicity} & & &\tabularnewline
White & 159 (94.6\%) & 189 (93.6\%) & 2196 (84.6\%)\tabularnewline
Black & 4 (2.4\%) & 6 (3.0\%) & 70 (2.7\%)\tabularnewline
Mixed & 5 (3.0\%) & 5 (2.5\%) & 209 (8.1\%)\tabularnewline
Asian & 0 (0.0\%) & 1 (0.5\%) & 64 (2.5\%)\tabularnewline
South-east Asian & 0 (0.0\%) & 1 (0.5\%) & 58 (2.2\%)\tabularnewline
\textbf{Smoking during pregnancy} & 0 (0.0\%) & 15 (34.1\%)+ & 283
(11.6\%)\selectlanguage{ngerman}§\tabularnewline
\textbf{ART} & & &\tabularnewline
Insemination & 2 (1.2\%) & 3 (1.5\%) & 16 (0.6\%)\tabularnewline
IVF & 6 (3.6\%) & 7 (3.5\%) & 77 (3.0\%)\tabularnewline
IVF with egg donation & 0 (0.0\%) & 1 (2.3\%) (\% del total) & 22
(0.9\%)\tabularnewline
\textbf{Medical history} & & &\tabularnewline
Chronic Hypertension & 1 (12.5\%)+ & 2 (4.5\%) & 27
(1.1\%)++\tabularnewline
Diabetes mellitus & 0 (0.0\%) & 2 (4.5\%) & 32 (1.3\%)\tabularnewline
Autoimmune disease & 1 (12.5\%) & 2 (4.5\%) & 101 (4.1\%)\tabularnewline
APS & 0 (0.0\%)+ & 3 (6.8\%) & 6 (0.2\%)++\tabularnewline
\textbf{Obstetric history} & & &\tabularnewline
Nulliparous & 5 (62.5\%) & 20 (45.5\%) & 1126 (46.2\%)\tabularnewline
Previous preeclampsia & 1 (12.5\%)+ & 2 (4.5\%) & 32
(1.3\%)++\tabularnewline
\textbf{Biophysical variables} & & &\tabularnewline
GA at the time of first trimester ultrasound scan in weeks, median (IQR)
& 12.4 (12.1-12.6) & 12.4 (11.9-12.9) & 12.6 (12.1-13)\tabularnewline
MAP in mmHg, median (IQR) & 90.8 (85.2-96) & 86.7 (80-91.1) & 84.3
(78.3-90.7)\tabularnewline
MoM MAP, median (IQR) & 1.14 (1.04-1.17) & 1.07 (0.96-1.17) & 1.05
(0.97-1.15)\tabularnewline
Mean UtAPI, median (IQR) & 1.88 (1.74-2.67) & 1.94 (1.72-2.45)+ & 1.68
(1.34-2.04)\selectlanguage{ngerman}§\tabularnewline
MoM UtAPI, median (IQR) & 1.12 (1.01-1.60) & 1.20 (1.02-1.47)+ & 1.02
(0.84-1.25)\selectlanguage{ngerman}§\tabularnewline
\textbf{Biochemical variables} & & &\tabularnewline
GA for PAPP-A + PlGF measurement median (IQR) & 11.4 (10.4-12.3) & 10.7
(10-11.8) & 10.6 (10-11.3)\tabularnewline
PAPP-A in mU/L, median (IQR) & 1801 (932.2-2456) & 964.25 (631.0-1794.5)
& 1355 (816-2387)\tabularnewline
MoM PAPP-A, median (IQR) & 0.74 (0.6-0.89) & 0.73 (0.55-1.1)+ & 1.06
(0.73-1.51)\selectlanguage{ngerman}§\tabularnewline
PlGF in pg/mL, median (IQR) & 20.0 (18.1-26.1)+ & 28.2 (19.5-38.4) &
32.1 (24.1-43.0)++\tabularnewline
MoM PlGF, median (IQR) & 0.60 (0.42-0.79)+ & 0.72 (0.61-0.97)+ & 0.96
(0.75-1.18)++\selectlanguage{ngerman}§\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}\selectlanguage{ngerman}

Categorical data are reported as frequency and percentage. Continuous
data are reported as the median and interquartile range. APS,
antiphospholipid syndrome; ART, assisted reproductive technique; BMI,
body mass index; FGR, fetal growth restriction; GA, gestational age;
IQR, interquartile range; IVF, \emph{in vitro} fertilization; MAP, mean
arterial pressure; MoM, multiples of median; PAAP-A,
pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A; PlGF, placental growth factor;
SGA, small for gestational age; UtAPI, uterine artery pulsatility index.

\selectlanguage{english}+ Significant difference as compared to unaffected women; \selectlanguage{english}++ Significant
difference as compared to early-onset small for gestational age; SS
Significant difference compared to preterm small for gestational age.

\textbf{Table 3. Detection rate and area under the curve for prediction
of early-onset preeclampsia by the Gaussian and the Fetal Medicine
Foundation algorithms.}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}llllllllllllllll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}34+0 weeks (n=11)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}34+0 weeks (n=11)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}34+0 weeks (n=11)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}34+0 weeks (n=11)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}34+0 weeks (n=11)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}34+0 weeks (n=11)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}34+0 weeks (n=11)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}34+0 weeks (n=11)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}34+0 weeks (n=11)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}34+0 weeks (n=11)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}34+0 weeks (n=11)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}34+0 weeks (n=11)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}34+0 weeks (n=11)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}34+0 weeks (n=11)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{A priory risk +}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{AUC} \textbf{(95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{5\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{10\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{15\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{20\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{25\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{30\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{AUC} \textbf{(95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{5\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{10\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{15\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{20\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{25\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{30\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{p}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.795 (0.679-0.912)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36.4 (9.09-63.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
45.5 (18.2-72.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
54.6 (27.3-81.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
54.6 (27.3-81.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
72.7 (45.5-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
72.7 (45.5-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.758 (0.621-0.895)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
27.3 (0.0-54.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
27.3 (0.0-54.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
27.3 (9.09-63.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
54.6 (27.3-90.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
72.7 (45.5-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
72.7 (45.5-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.0214\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP + PlGF}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.905 (0.844-0.965)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36.4 (9.09-63.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
63.6 (36.4-90.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
81.8 (54.6-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
81.8 (54.6-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
81.8 (54.6-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
90.9 (72.7-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.858 (0.768-0.947)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
45.5 (18.2-72.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
45.5 (18.2-72.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
63.6 (36.4-90.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
72.7 (45.5-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
81.8 (54.6-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
81.8 (54.6-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.0112\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP + UtAPI}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.908 (0.840-0.975)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
63.6 (36.4-90.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
63.6 (36.4-90.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
63.6 (36.4-90.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
72.7 (45.5-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
90.9 (72.7-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
100.0 (100.0-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.868 (0.775-0.961)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
45.5 (18.2-72.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
54.6 (27.3-81.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
63.6 (36.4-90.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
72.7 (45.5-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
81.8 (54.6-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
81.8 (54.6-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.1059\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP + PAPP-A}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.833 (0.727-0.939)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36.4 (9.09-63.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
54.6 (27.3-81.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
54.6 (27.3-81.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
72.7 (45.5-95.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
72.7 (45.5-95.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
72.7 (45.5-95.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.771 (0.631-0.911)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
27.3 (0.0-54.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
27.3 (0.0-54.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
54.6 (27.3-81.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
63.6 (36.4-90.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
72.7 (45.5-95.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
72.7 (45.5-95.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.0022\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP + UtAPI + PAPP-A}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.910 (0.844-0.977)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
63.6 (36.4-90.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
63.6 (36.4-90.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
72.7 (45.5-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
72.7 (45.5-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
81.8 (54.6-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
100.0 (100.0-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.870 (0.768-0.972)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
45.5 (18.2-72.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
54.6 (27.3-81.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
72.7 (45.5-90.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
81.8 (54.6-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
81.8 (54.6-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
81.8 (54.6-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.1374\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP + UtAPI + PlGF}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.951 (0.919-0.983)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
54.6 (27.3-81.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
81.8 (54.5-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
90.9 (72.7-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
100.0 (100.0-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
100.0 (100.0-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
100.0 (100.0-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.923 (0.864-0.982)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
63.6 (36.4-90.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
72.7 (45.5-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
72.7 (45.5-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
90.9 (72.7-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
90.9 (72.7-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
90.9 (72.7-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.1325\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP + UtAPI + PlGF + PAPP-A}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.945 (0.912-0.979)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
54.6 (27.3-81.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
81.8 (54.6-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
90.9 (72.7-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
100.0 (100.0-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
100.0 (100.0-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
100.0 (100.0-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.945 (0.908-0.982)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
54.6 (27.3-81.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
90.9 (54.6-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
90.9 (72.7-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
90.9 (72.7-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
100 (100-100)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
100 (100-100)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.9651\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval; DR, detection rate;
FPR, false positive rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PAPP-A,
pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A; PE, preeclampsia; PlGF, placental
growth factor; UtAPI, mean uterine artery pulsatility index. Comparisons
between AUC were performed by two-tailed \emph{p} values.



\textbf{Table 4. Detection rate and area under the curve for prediction
of preterm preeclampsia by the Gaussian and the Fetal Medicine
Foundation algorithms.}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}llllllllllllllll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}37+0 weeks (n=30)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}37+0 weeks (n=30)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}37+0 weeks (n=30)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}37+0 weeks (n=30)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}37+0 weeks (n=30)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}37+0 weeks (n=30)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}37+0 weeks (n=30)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}37+0 weeks (n=30)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}37+0 weeks (n=30)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}37+0 weeks (n=30)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}37+0 weeks (n=30)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}37+0 weeks (n=30)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}37+0 weeks (n=30)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{PE\textless{}37+0 weeks (n=30)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{A priory risk +}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{AUC} \textbf{(95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{5\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{10\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{15\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{20\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{25\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{30\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{AUC} \textbf{(95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{5\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{10\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{15\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{20\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{25\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{30\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{p}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.737 (0.648-0.827)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.2667 (13.3-43.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36.7 (20.0-53.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
50.0 (33.3-66.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
53.3 (33.3-70.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
56.7 (40.0-73.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
63.3 (46.7-80.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.727 (0.637-0.817)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
26.7 (10.0-43.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
26.7 (13.3-46.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36.7 (20.0-53.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
50.0 (33.3-70.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
60.0 (43.3-76.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
60.0 (43.3-80.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.3884\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP + PlGF}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.802 (0.722-0.881)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
26.7 (13.3-43.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
46.7 (30.0-63.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
60.0 (43.3-76.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
66.7 (50.0-82.2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
73.3 (53.3-86.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
76.7 (60.0-90.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.790 (0.712-0.868)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36.7 (20.0-53.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
40.0 (23.3-60.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
53.3 (33.3-70.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
60.0 (43.3-76.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
66.7 (50.0-83.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
66.7 (50.0-83.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.4292\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP + UtAPI}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.782 (0.692-0.872)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36.7 (20.0-53.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
40.0 (23.3-56.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
46.7 (30.0-63.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
56.7 (36.7-76.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
76.7 (60.0-90.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
80.0 (63.3-93.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.786 (0.701-0.871)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
30.0 (13.3-50.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
43.3 (26.7-63.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
46.7 (30.0-63.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
63.3 (46.7-80.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
70.0 (53.3-86.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
73.3 (56.7-86.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.8590\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP + PAPP-A}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.773 (0.687-0.859)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
33.3 (20.0-50.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
43.3 (26.7-63.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
53.3 (33.3-70.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
63.3 (46.7-80.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
63.3 (46.7-80.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
63.3 (46.7-80.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.747 (0.658-0.836)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
23.3 (10.0-40.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36.7 (20.0-53.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
50.0 (33.3-66.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
53.3 (36.7-70.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
60.0 (40.0-76.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
63.3 (43.3-80.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.0955\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP + UtAPI + PAPP-A}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.797 (0.708-0.886)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36.7 (20.0-53.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
43.3 (26.7-60.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
53.3 (36.7-73.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
70.0 (53.3-83.4)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
76.7 (56.7-90.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
83.3 (70.0-96.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.800 (0.714-0.887)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36.7 (16.7-53.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
50.0 (33.3-66.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
56.7 (40.0-73.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
70.0 (50.0-86.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
76.7 (60.0-90.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
76.7 (60.0-90.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.8846\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP + UtAPI + PlGF}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.798 (0.704-0.893)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36.7 (20.0-56.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
46.7 (30.0-66.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
56.7 (40.0-73.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
80.0 (63.3-93.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
80.0 (63.3-93.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
80.0 (63.3-93.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.818 (0.739-0.897)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36.7 (20.0-53.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
50.0 (30.0-66.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
56.7 (40.0-73.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
66.7 (50.0-83.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
80.0 (63.3-93.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
80.0 (66.7-93.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.4780\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP + UtAPI + PlGF + PAPP-A}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.782 (0.683-0.882)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
33.3 (16.7-50.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
46.7 (30.0-66.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
63.3 (46.7-80.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
76.7 (60.0-90.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
76.7 (60.0-90.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
76.7 (60.0-90.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.818 (0.728-0.907)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36.7 (20.0-56.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
63.4 (43.3-80.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
70.0 (53.3-86.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
73.3 (53.3-86.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
76.7 (60.0-90.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
76.7 (60.0-93.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.3467\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval; DR, detection rate;
FPR, false positive rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PAPP-A,
pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A; PE, preeclampsia; PlGF, placental
growth factor; UtAPI, mean uterine artery pulsatility index. Comparisons
between AUC were performed by two-tailed \emph{p} values.

\textbf{Table 5. Detection rate and area under the curve for prediction
of early-onset small-for-gestational-age by the Gaussian and the Fetal
Medicine Foundation algorithms.}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}llllllllllllllll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}32+0 weeks (n=8)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}32+0 weeks (n=8)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}32+0 weeks (n=8)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}32+0 weeks (n=8)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}32+0 weeks (n=8)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}32+0 weeks (n=8)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}32+0 weeks (n=8)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}32+0 weeks (n=8)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}32+0 weeks (n=8)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}32+0 weeks (n=8)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}32+0 weeks (n=8)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}32+0 weeks (n=8)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}32+0 weeks (n=8)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}32+0 weeks (n=8)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{A priory risk +}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{AUC} \textbf{(95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{5\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{10\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{15\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{20\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{25\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{30\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{AUC} \textbf{(95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{5\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{10\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{15\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{20\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{25\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{30\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{p}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.700 (0.546-0.854)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
12.5 (0.0-37.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
12.5 (0.0-37.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
37.5 (0.0-75.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
37.5 (12.5-75.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.5 (25.0-87.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.5 (25.0-87.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.722 (0.604-0.841)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
12.5 (0.0-37.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
12.5 (0.0-37.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
12.5 (0.0-37.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
37.5 (12.5-75.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.5 (25.0-87.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.5 (25.0-87.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.4854\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP + PlGF}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.840 (0.710-0.970)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
25.0 (0.0-62.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
37.5 (12.5-75.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
75.0 (37.5-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
75.0 (37.5-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
87.5 (62.5-100)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
87.5 (62.5-100)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.865 (0.784-0.945)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
37.5 (0.0-75.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
37.5 (12.5-75.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
50.0 (12.5-87.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
87.5 (50.0-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
87.5 (62.5-100)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
87.5 (62.5-100)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.4625\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP + UtAPI}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.740 (0.564-0.916)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
25.0 (0.0-62.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
37.5 (12.5-75.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
37.5 (12.5-75.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
50.0 (12.5-87.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.5 (25.0-87.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.5 (25.0-100)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.777 (0.655-0.898)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
25.0 (0.0-62.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
25.0 (0.0-62.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
37.5 (12.5-75.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
50.0 (12.5-87.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.5 (25.0-87.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.5 (25.0-87.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.4147\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP + PAPP-A}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.743 (0.581-0.905)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
12.5 (0.0-37.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
37.5 (1.6-75.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
37.5 (12.5-75.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.5 (25.0-87.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.5 (25.0-100)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.5 (25.0-100)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.746 (0.619-0.873)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
12.5 (0.0-37.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
12.5 (0.0-37.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
37.5 (12.2-75.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
50.0 (12.5-87.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.5 (25.0-87.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.5 (25.0-87.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.9418\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP + UtAPI + PAPP-A}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.757 (0.589-0.925)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
25.0 (0.0-62.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
37.5 (0.0-75.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
50.0 (12.5-87.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
50.0 (12.5-87.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
50.0 (12.5-87.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
75.0 (49.7-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.795 (0.663-0.926)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
25.0 (0.0-62.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
37.5 (0.0-75.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
50.0 (12.5-87.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.5 (25.0-87.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.5 (25.0-87.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
75.0 (37.5-100)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.4514\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP + UtAPI + PlGF}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.811 (0.641-0.982)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
37.5 (12.5-75.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.5 (25.5-87.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
75.0 (50.0-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
75.0 (50.0-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
75.0 (50.0-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
75.0 (50.0-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.875 (0.774-0.976)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.5 (25.0-87.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.5 (25.0-87.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.5 (25.0-87.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
75.0 (37.5-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
75.0 (37.5-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
87.5 (50.0-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.1289\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP + UtAPI + PlGF + PAPP-A}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.806 (0.635-0.978)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
37.5 (12.5-75.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
62.5 (25.5-87.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
75.0 (37.5-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
75.0 (37.5-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
75.0 (37.5-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
75.0 (37.5-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.906 (0.834-0.978)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
50.0 (12.5-87.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
75.0 (37.5-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
75.0 (50.0-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
75.0 (50.0-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
87.5 (62.5-100.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
100 (100-100)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.0582\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval; DR, detection rate;
FPR, false positive rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PAPP-A,
pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A; PlGF, placental growth factor;
SGA, small for gestational age; UtAPI, mean uterine artery pulsatility
index. Comparisons between AUC were performed by two-tailed p values.

\textbf{Table 6. Detection rate and area under the curve for prediction
of preterm small-for-gestational-age by the Gaussian and the Fetal
Medicine Foundation algorithms.}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}llllllllllllllll@{}}
\toprule
\begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}37+0 weeks (n=44)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}37+0 weeks (n=44)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}37+0 weeks (n=44)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}37+0 weeks (n=44)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}37+0 weeks (n=44)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}37+0 weeks (n=44)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}37+0 weeks (n=44)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}37+0 weeks (n=44)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}37+0 weeks (n=44)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}37+0 weeks (n=44)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}37+0 weeks (n=44)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}37+0 weeks (n=44)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}37+0 weeks (n=44)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{SGA \textless{}37+0 weeks (n=44)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[b]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{Gaussian algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{FMF algorithm}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{A priory risk +}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{AUC} \textbf{(95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{5\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{10\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{15\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{20\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{25\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{30\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{AUC} \textbf{(95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{5\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{10\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{15\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{20\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{25\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{DR at} \textbf{30\% FPR (95\% CI)}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.06\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{p}\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.546 (0.459-0.632)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9.1 (0.7-18.2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
18.2 (6.8-29.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
22.7 (11.4-36.4)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
22.7 (11.4-36.4)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
29.6 (15.9-43.2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36.4 (22.7-50.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.563 (0.477-0.649)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9.1 (2.3-18.2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
13.6 (4.5-25.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
18.2 (9.1-29.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
27.3 (15.9-40.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
34.1 (20.5-47.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36.4 (22.7-52.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.4230\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP + PlGF}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.630 (0.540-0.719)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
9.1 (2.3-20.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
20.5 (9.1-31.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
38.2 (22.7-52.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
43.2 (29.6-56.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
45.5 (31.8-61.4)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
52.3 (38.6-65.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.651 (0.562-0.739)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
13.6 (4.5-25.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
22.7 (11.4-36.4)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36.4 (22.7-52.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
43.2 (29.6-59.1)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
50.0 (36.4-65.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
54.6 (38.6-68.2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.3766\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP + UtAPI}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.653 (0.57-0.737)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
15.9 (6.8-27.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
25.0 (13.6-36.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
29.6 (18.2-45.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36.4 (22.7-52.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
52.3 (36.4-65.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
54.6 (40.9-70.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.634 (0.547-0.722)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
13.6 (4.5-25.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
20.5 (9.1-34.1)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
27.3 (15.9-43.2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
38.7 (25.0-54.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
45.5 (31.8-59.2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
50.0 (36.4-65.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.4437\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP + PAPP-A}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.592 (0.505-0.678)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
7.9 (2.3-18.2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
22.7 (11.4-34.1)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
25.0 (13.6-38.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
34.1 (22.5-50.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
38.6 (25.0-52.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
40.9 (27.3-56.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.591 (0.504-0.677)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
6.8 (0.0-15.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
11.4 (4.5-22.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
27.3 (13.6-40.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
34.1 (20.5-47.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
36.4 (22.7-50.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
45.5 (29.6-61.4)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.9680\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP + UtAPI + PAPP-A}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.670 (0.587-0.752)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
15.9 (6.8-27.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
20.5 (9.1-34.1)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
29.5 (15.9-43.2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
43.2 (29.6-61.4)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
52.3 (36.4-65.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
61.4 (47.7-75.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.661 (0.575-0.746)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
13.6 (4.3-25.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
25.0 (11.4-38.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
34.1 (20.5-47.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
40.9 (25.0-56.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
47.7 (34.1-63.4)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
56.8 (40.9-70.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.7167\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP + UtAPI + PlGF}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.697 (0.612-0.782)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
20.5 (9.1-34.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
29.5 (15.9-43.2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
45.5 (31.8-59.1)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
54.6 (38.6-68.2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
59.1 (43.2-72.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
63.6 (47.7-77.3)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.689 (0.601-0.776)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
18.2 (6.8-31.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
34.1 (20.5-50.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
45.5 (31.8-59.2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
47.8 (34.1-63.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
56.8 (40.9-70.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
59.1 (43.2-72.7)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.7524\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
\textbf{MAP + UtAPI + PlGF + PAPP-A}\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.684 (0.598-0.769)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
18.2 (6.8-29.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
29.5 (15.9-43.2)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
43.2 (27.3-59.1)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
52.3 (36.4-65.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
54.6 (38.6-70.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
61.4 (47.7-75.0)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.727 (0.645-0.809)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
22.7 (11.4-38.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
40.9 (25.0-56.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
47.7 (34.1-63.6)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
52.3 (36.4-65.9)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
63.6 (49.9-79.5)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
68.2 (54.6-81.8)\strut
\end{minipage} & \begin{minipage}[t]{0.04\columnwidth}\raggedright\strut
0.1749\strut
\end{minipage}\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval; DR, detection rate;
FPR, false positive rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; PAPP-A,
pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A; PlGF, placental growth factor;
SGA, small for gestational age; UtAPI, mean uterine artery pulsatility
index. Comparisons between AUC were performed by two-tailed p values.

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\end{document}

