1.5. Marine Nanoparticles:
In recent years, researchers have shown the great potential of marine
sources in synthesis of nanoparticles (Asmathunisha & Kathiresan,
2013), as marine nanoparticles are both biocompatible and biodegradable.
These include various marine species producing nanoparticles with sizes
ranging from 1 to 100 nm. Microbe-based nanoparticle synthesis allows
for greater size control due to periplasmic space and vesicle
compartmentalization. pH, substrate concentration, temperature, and
duration of exposure to the substrate are all variables that influence
intracellular particle production (Gericke & Pinches, 2006). With
diverse antibacterial applications, the mangrove-derived microorganismsAspergillus niger , Penicillium fellutanum , andEscherichia coli can degradeĀ silver ions at a quicker pace (Singh
et al., 2015). Other mangrove-derived yeast-like speciesRhodosporidium diobovatum and Pichia capsulate are also
capable of synthesizing nanoparticles (Manivannan et al., 2010; Seshadri
et al., 2012). Marine origin nanoparticles have shown significant
applications in biomedical and biological streams including tissue
engineering, cancer therapy, sensors, catalysis, drug delivery,
electronic materials and wastewater treatment (Chaudhary et al., 2020).