3.1.4. k-Carrageenan Biosensor:
For nonaqueous solvents, k-Carrageenan gel has been considered as an appropriate choice for enzyme immobilization in organic phase electrode construction (Campanella et al.,1999). In another study, Campanella et al. (2000) have reported, carrageenan biomaterial as immobilizing membrane for superoxide dismutase enzyme, which determines superoxide radical received through amperometric gaseous electrode for oxygen or hydrogen peroxide. Other biosensor application includes reduction of pathogen contamination in poultry food (Medina, 2004), radical scavenging properties in hydrophobic compounds (Campanella et al., 2001) and low-level urea detection (Taşaltın et al., 2020). Another enzymatic biosensor for glucose detection from glucose-spiked saliva samples is a bio nanocomposite film comprising a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) doped with gold nanoparticles containing glucose oxidase (Rassas et al., 2019).