3.4. Marine peptidoglycan-based biosensors
3.4.1. Hyaluronic acid-based biosensors :
Hyaluronic acid, is an anionic, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan, antifoulant biomaterial for electrochemical biosensors (Liu et al., 2014). HA disaccharide unit facilitates the hydrogen bonding of bioreceptors. Joung et al. (2013) developed an impedimetric label-free immunosensor by utilizing nano-porous hyaluronic acid (HA) membrane for detection of E.coli O157:H7 pathogen from whole milk.