3.3. Marine ceramics-based biosensors:
3.3.1. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) based biosensors :
Hydroxyapatite surface provides excellent ability to absorb functional
molecules such as proteins, DNA, etc. Nishikawa et al. (2006) have shown
that sodium hydroxyapatite is one of the most effective biomaterials for
biosensor applications. By utilizing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and
chitosan nanocomposite, Lu et al. (2010) created a new tyrosinase-based
biosensor. By monitoring the reduction signal of the bio-catalytically
generated quinone species at -0.2 V, the constructed biosensor was used
to identify phenolic chemicals (vs. saturated calomel electrode). Sudhan
et al. (2019) utilized the tannery hydroxyapatite-graphene multi-walled
carbon nanotube’s sensing capability to detect a chemical that
represents risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). This
sensor helps in estimating the risk factors associated with SIDS.