1.6. Marine pigments:
The pigment is a secondary metabolite produced by microbes. Pigments are
the mixture of chemical compounds with varied biological activities.
Marine bacteria Rubritalea squalenifaciens Planococcus maritimusproduces acetylenic carotenoids, Flavobacterium dehydrogenase,
Halococcus, Halobacteria, Actinomycetales, produces aryl carotenoids
such as 3-hydroxy-isorenieratene, isorenieratene and Streptomyces
mediolani , Monascus, Rhodotorula Brevibacterium linens,
Mycobacterium aurum , marine Pseudoalteromonas , marineActinomycetes , and marine blue-green algae produce
3,3′-di-hydroxy-isorenieratene carotenoid.
Carotenoids extracted from Phaffia rhodozyma andHaematococcus pluvialis are used in aquaculture pharmaceuticals
and food additives. H.pulvialis produces astaxanthins, which have
an application in aquaculture feeds as well as a role in memory
improvement and antiaging (Ramesh et al., 2019). As a food additive,
Xanthan gum, an exopolysaccharide generated by Xanthomonas
campestris , is utilized. Flexirubin, which is generated by
Chryseobacterium and Flavobacterium, is used to treat chronic skin
illness, dermatitis, stomach ulcers, and other conditions. Marine
bacterial pigments can be used as pollution indicators in biosensors
(Venil et al., 2014).