Variables 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Average relative yearly change between 2016 and 2019 (95% CI), % Relative change rate between 2016-2019 and 2020 (95% CI), %
All pharmaceutical companies
Total payments , $
7,821,861
8,274,237
8,953,824
9,981,069
8,354,293
Payments per allergist
Mean (standard deviation), $
4,819 (11,395)
5,204 (12,305)
5,517 (12,200)
6,002 (13,243)
5,892 (13,200)
7.7 (5.0 – 10.6)*
-21.2 (-25.4 to -16.8)***
Median (interquartile range), $
1,332 (521 – 3,898)
1,435 (521 – 3,974)
1,526 (521 – 4,521)
1,535 (539 – 5,021)
1,518 (539 – 4,674)
Maximum, $
167,946
155,035
125,560
154,826
131,500
Physicians with payments (%), n
1623 (41.2)
1590 (40.3)
1623 (41.2)
1663 (42.2)
1418 (36.0)
0.9 (-0.1 to 2.1)
-14.8 (-17.9 to -11.5)***
Gini index
0.888
0.890
0.888
0.885
0.904
Pharmaceutical companies making payments throughout five years
Total payments , $
7,645,832
8,192,889
8,710,193
9,653,679
8,144,163
Payments per allergist
Mean (standard deviation), $
4,782 (11,289)
5,208 (12,254)
5,468 (12,085)
6,015 (13,280)
5,919 (13,171)
7.2 (4.4 – 10.0)*
-20.4 (-24.6 to -15.9)*
Median (interquartile range), $
1,317 (521 – 3,873)
1448 (521 – 3,990)
1,526 (521 – 4,495)
1,564 (547 –4,931)
1,526 (539 – 4,666)
Maximum, $
166,980
155,035
125,560
154,826
130,757
Physicians with payments (%), n
1599 (40.6)
1573 (39.9)
1593 (40.4)
1605 (40.7)
1376 (34.9)
0.2 (-0.9 to 1.3)
-14.8 (-17.4 to -10.7)*
Gini index
0.889
0.891
0.889
0.889
0.906