Methods
Using payment data publicly disclosed by 92 pharmaceutical companies, we examined magnitude, prevalence, and trend in personal payments made to otorhinolaryngologists board certified by the Japanese Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery between 2016 and 2019 in Japan. Furthermore, differences in payments were evaluated by whether otolaryngologists were clinical practice guideline authors, society board member, and academic journal editor or not. Trend in payments were evaluated by generalized estimating equations.