|
Absent (n=5533) |
Present (n=1679) |
|
Female |
1,185 (21%) |
205 (12%) |
<0.01 |
Mean Age in years (SD) |
60.5
(±0.7) |
67.9 (±0.8) |
<0.01 |
Age category |
|
|
|
18-45 |
738 (13%) |
39 (2%) |
|
45-65 |
2,297 (42%) |
527 (31%) |
|
65-90 |
2,485 (45%) |
1,100 (66%) |
|
>90 |
13 (<1%) |
13 (<1%) |
|
Smoking |
70 (1%) |
24 (1%) |
0.76 |
Charlson comorbidities index score |
|
|
<0.01 |
0 |
836 (15%) |
<11 |
|
1 |
976 (18%) |
<11 |
|
2 |
1,439 (26%) |
31 (2%) |
|
≥3 |
2,282 (41%) |
1,648 (98%) |
|
Median household income quartile for zip code |
|
|
0.013 |
0-25th percentile |
1,261 (23%) |
463 (28%) |
|
26th to 50th percentile |
1,478 (27%) |
474 (29%) |
|
51st to 75th percentile |
1,442 (26%) |
364 (22%) |
|
76th to 100th percentile |
1,287 (24%) |
359 (22%) |
|
Insurance |
|
|
<0.01 |
Medicare |
2788 (50%) |
1233 (74%) |
|
Medicaid |
468 (8%) |
123 (7%) |
|
Private |
1,964 (36 %) |
257 (14%) |
|
Self-pay |
101 (2%) |
13 (1%) |
|
Hospital bed size |
|
|
0.38 |
Small |
207 (4%) |
64 (4%) |
|
Medium |
1,101 (20%) |
294 (17%) |
|
Large |
4,225 (76%) |
1,321 (79%) |
|
Teaching hospital |
4,964 (90%) |
1,530 (91%) |
0.22 |
Comorbidities |
|
|
|
Hypertension |
3,722 (67%) |
1,562 (93%) |
<0.01 |
History of MI |
1,766 (32%) |
675 (40%) |
<0.01 |
History of PCI |
1,179 (21%) |
475 (28%) |
<0.01 |
History of CABG |
1,013 (18%) |
527 (31%) |
<0.01 |
Congestive heart failure |
3,955 (71%) |
1,538 (92%) |
<0.01 |
Valvular heart disease |
786 (14%) |
320 (19%) |
0.004 |
Peripheral vascular disease |
2,908 (53%) |
1,175 (70%) |
<0.01 |
Chronic lung disease |
1,046 (19%) |
435 (26%) |
<0.01 |
obesity |
1,010 (18%) |
312 (19%) |
0.84 |
dementia |
34 (1%) |
27 (2%) |
0.008 |
Hypothyroidism |
687 (12%) |
361 (21%) |
<0.01 |
Coagulopathy |
286 (5%) |
165 (10%) |
<0.01 |
Solid tumor without metastasis |
53 (1%) |
27 (2%) |
0.104 |
Deficiency anemia |
105 (2%) |
67 (4%) |
0.001 |
Dyslipidemia |
2,695 (49%) |
942 (56%) |
0.0005 |
Diabetes |
1,454 (26%) |
774 (46%) |
<0.01 |
Liver disease |
163 (3%) |
87 (5%) |
0.001 |
Sarcoidosis |
127 (21%) |
25 (1%) |
0.14 |