3.1 | Coyote relative activity
Kernel density estimates indicated coyotes were distributed non-randomly in space (Figure 2). At DMP with heavy anthropogenic pressure (average 77 coyote triggers per camera in “HIGH” coyote zones), coyote activity was concentrated in two heavily forested parks and had few human triggers compared to the rest of the surveyed parks in Detroit. In contrast, at HMC with heavy natural apex pressure, the highest coyote activity occurred in a recreation area that contained several buildings and homes but had few overall triggers (average 3 coyote triggers per camera in “HIGH” coyote zones). Coyote activity formed distinct zones in SNWR and UMBS as well, and the location of hotspots varied by survey. Hotspots at these two sites were not associated with any discernible landscape level measures of anthropogenic pressures. Raccoon triggers were recorded within both the low and high zones of coyote activity across all sites, establishing spatial overlap between the two species