Probability of permanence and basal colonization
Each functional group showed different permanence probability and basal colonization values (Fig. 3). Only the groups of including Chironomidae and Ceratopogonidae larvae (groups 3 and 4) had \(\psi\) and \(\theta\)estimates supported by hypothesized values. The groups of Empididae and Simullidae larvae (group 5), Baetidade (6), Leptohyphidae, Leptophlebiidae and Plecoptera (7), larvae with anal appendix (8) and shelter-building larvae (9) had their hypotheses partially corroborated, and the value of at least one of the parameters was similar to the hypothesized values.
Coleoptera larvae with depressed body presented a moderate probability of colonization, and a low probability of permanence (Fig. 3A). The genera Macrelmis had the highest estimated probability of colonization (Fig. S1). The probability of colonization for Coleoptera larvae with cylindrical body was estimated between 0.15 and 0.29 (Fig. 3B), and the genera Heterelmis , Neoelmis and the family Ptilodactylidae had the highest probability of colonization and permanence among the coleoptera (Fig. S2).
The group of Chironomidae larvae had the most variable probability of colonization, with values ranging from 0.12 to 0.86 (Fig. 3C). The genera Rheotanytarsus presented the highest probabilities of both colonization and permanence. On the other hand, the generaPolypedilum presented a low probability of colonization, and a high permanence. The genera Cryptochironomus ,Stempellinela , Stenochironomus and Zavrellielapresented the opposite pattern, with high probability of colonization and low permanence (Fig. S3). Ceratopogonidae larvae presented a high colonization rate and low permanence rate, typical of R-strategist groups (Fig. 3D and Fig. S4). Empididae and Simuliidae larvae showed lower colonization rates compared to Ceratopogonidae, but a higher permanence probability (Fig. 3E and Fig. S5).
In the absence of disturbance, the colonization probability of fusiform Ephemeroptera nymphs ranged from 0.26 to 0.38 and permanence probabilities were greater than 0.4 (Fig. 3F and Fig. S6). The insects with depressed bodies showed a highly variable colonization rate (Fig. 3G). Tricorythopsis and Simothraulopsis showed the lowest colonization probabilities, while Leptohyphes ,Tricorythodes and Anacroneuria showed high colonization probabilities, ranging from 0.45 to 0.54 (Fig. S7). The probability of colonization was low for larvae with anal claws (Fig. 3H), and the probability of permanence for this group ranged between 0.18 and 0.28, with the lowest value for Macronema , and the highest forCorydalus (Fig. S8). The colonization probabilities of shelter-building Trichoptera ranged from 0.19 to 0.36 (Fig. 3I), with the lowest value for Oecetis and the highest forNeotrichia . The probabilities of permanence for this group (shelter-building Trichoptera) were lower than 0.20, except for the genera Neotrichia and Oecetis , with probabilities of 0.28 and 0.31, respectively (Fig. S9).