Long-term effects on the probability of permanence for the functional groups
In general, disturbance intensity affected similarly the permanence probabilities of the functional groups (Table S2). However, the frequency of disturbance events affected the permanence probability of all groups except Chironomidae larvae (group 3). The lower frequency of disturbance events (F1: disturbance every 6 days) affected a greater number of groups when compared to the higher frequency (F2: disturbance every 3 days) or to the random frequency treatments (F3). The lower frequency reduced the permanence probabilities more strongly (Fig. 4).
The probability of permanence for Diptera was little affected by the disturbances. Group 3 (Chironomidae) was not affected by the treatments (Fig. 4C) and group 4 (Ceratopogonidae) was affected only by treatment 1 (low intensity and lower frequency, Fig. 4D). Depressed-bodied Coleoptera were less affected than those with cylindrical bodies (group 1 and 2, respectively), for example, Baetidae nymphs (group 6, Fig 4F) were more affected than flat-bodied insects (group 7, Fig 4G). In addition, larvae with anal claws (group 8, Fig 4H) were less affected by disturbance than Trichoptera building portable shelters (group 9, Fig 4I). Unexpectedly, the permanence probability of group 5, represented by the families Empididae and Simuliidae (Diptera), was affected by all treatments in the experiment (Fig 4E).