Long-term effects on the probability of permanence for the
functional groups
In general, disturbance intensity affected similarly the permanence
probabilities of the functional groups (Table S2). However, the
frequency of disturbance events affected the permanence probability of
all groups except Chironomidae larvae (group 3). The lower frequency of
disturbance events (F1: disturbance every 6 days) affected a greater
number of groups when compared to the higher frequency (F2: disturbance
every 3 days) or to the random frequency treatments (F3). The lower
frequency reduced the permanence probabilities more strongly (Fig. 4).
The probability of permanence for Diptera was little affected by the
disturbances. Group 3 (Chironomidae) was not affected by the treatments
(Fig. 4C) and group 4 (Ceratopogonidae) was affected only by treatment 1
(low intensity and lower frequency, Fig. 4D). Depressed-bodied
Coleoptera were less affected than those with cylindrical bodies (group
1 and 2, respectively), for example, Baetidae nymphs (group 6, Fig 4F)
were more affected than flat-bodied insects (group 7, Fig 4G). In
addition, larvae with anal claws (group 8, Fig 4H) were less affected by
disturbance than Trichoptera building portable shelters (group 9, Fig
4I). Unexpectedly, the permanence probability of group 5, represented by
the families Empididae and Simuliidae (Diptera), was affected by all
treatments in the experiment (Fig 4E).