FIGURE 2. Vitamin D’s (VD) regulatory mechanisms in atopy.
T-helper (Th)-2 cells, an atopy feature, release cytokinesA such as interleukin (IL)-4, that inhibits Th1 cells generation,B IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13. Likewise, there is a notable elevation of antigens presentation, CD80/CD86 expression, major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) action, mast cell (MC) release and eosinophils (EOS). VD regulates atopy’s hyperresponsiveness through T regulatory cells (Tregs) differentiation,C suppressing EOSDand impeding Th1 and Th2 functions, which regulates cytokines of the latter.E Additionally, VD suppresses dendritic cells (DC)C and B cell differentiation,Freducing antibody production, including IgE, and antigen presentation.
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