Conclusion:
We provided a high-quality chromosome-level genome assembly of the
galling aphid S. chinensis . Phylogenomic analysis indicated thatS. chinensis diverged from the common ancestor of Eriosoma
lanigerum at approximately 57.16 million years ago. Transcriptome
comparison showed 35 genes encoding salivary gland proteins highly
expressed at the gall forming fundatrix stage. Some of these salivary
proteins may involve in gall formation. Our results may benefit future
research on elucidating the molecular basis for the unique biology
associated with galling aphids, especially for that which inducing
completely closed galls and on revealing the molecular mechanisms for
gall induction and host interactions.