Results
A total of 351 arthropod individuals were observed interacting withL. nipomensis during our surveys (Table 1 ). Records of the
157 vouchered specimens are available on the UCSB Invertebrate Zoology
Collection, Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and Global
Biotic Interactions (GloBI) databases (Appendix 1 ). Twenty-two
unique morphospecies from 8 orders and 17 families were classified. At
least one individual from 11 unique families were found in or on aL. nipomensis flower (Fig. 3 ).
Individuals observed that were identified to genus and species include
members of orders Diptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, and
Lepidoptera (Appendix 1). The one Dipteran observed was Delia
lupini Coquillett (Anthomyiidae). The Coleoptera species wereDiabrotica undecimpuncata Mannerheim (Chyrsomelidae),Apleurus sp., Scaphomorphus sp., Trigonoscuta sp.,
and Rhigopsis effracta LeConte (Curculionidae). Hemipterans
identified to lower classifications include Orius sp.
(Anthocordidae), Closterocoris amoenus Provancher (Miridiae),Lygus sp. (Miridae), and Apiomerus californicus Berniker
& Szerlip (Reduviidae). Collected hymenopterans were all Formicidae,
including Crematogaster sp. and Linepithema humile Mayr. A
lepidoptera individual, Plebejus lupini Boisduval (Lycaenidae),
was observed landing on a vegetative part of L. nipomensis .
Thysanoptera individuals were identified to genus (Thrips sp.)
and accounted for 234 individuals out of the total 320 observed
(Fig. 3 ). A complete list of individuals is available inAppendix 1 .
During our plant visitor observations, arthropods including Apis
mellifera Linnaeus (Apidae), Bombus vosnesenskii Radoszkowski
(Apidae), Syrphidae, and Lepidopterans were observed visiting
neighboring flowers (Acmispon glaber (Vogel) Brouillet (Deerweed,
Fabaceae), Amsinckia spectabilis Fisch. & C.A. Mey. (seaside
fiddlehead, Boraginaceae), Collinsia heterophylla Graham (purple
Chinese houses, Plantaginaceae), Ehrharta calycina Sm. (perennial
veldt grass), Lupinus chamissonis Eschsch. (dune bush lupine,
Fabaceae), Nemophila menziesii Hook. & Arn. (baby blue eyes,
Boraginaceae) within 0 – 5 meters of L. nipomensis plots, but
never visited L. nipomensis itself.