Figure 3. Fourth-corner analysis of RLQ outputs. Trait-mediated compositional change was assessed with respect to environmental gradients in fragments vs. contiguous forest, yielding relationships between a) composite trait axes and composite environmental gradients, b) individual traits and composite environmental gradients, and c) individual traits and individual environmental variables. Environment was characterized using elevation, climatic water deficit (CWD), climate axis 1 (Clim.1, precipitation gradient), climate axis 2 (Clim.2, temperature gradient), soil C:N ratio (C:N), and atmospheric aridity. P-values for significance of relationships was assessed using Benjamini-Hochberg correction for false positive results through 9999 random permutations of matrices.