4.5.3 Perfusable tubular filament by optimal process parameters
The aforementioned results demonstrated that the effect of gradient
shear stress and cross-linking was proportional to that of the printing
pressure, such that the core pore size and shell layer varied with the
printing pressure. As shown in Figure 11, the hollow tubular filament
was fabricated, and the inner and outer diameters of the tubular gel
filament were 316 μm and 1162 μm, respectively. Small diameter and
tubular and porous structure (Figure 10) confirmed that we fabricated
small-diameter vascular tissue engineering scaffold by 3D bioprinting.