INTRODUCTION
Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is a reversible vasospastic disorder that may be provoked by cold or emotional stress. RP involves extremity arteries and presented with ischemic symptoms of extremities 1. RP can be preliminary finding of some diseases and called as secondary RP (sRP). This disorder can be related with traumas or micro-traumas (prolonged usage of vibratory tools), exposure of some chemicals and auto immune rheumatic or connective tissue diseases (such as systemic sclerosis). If it is progressed it can be resulted with digital ulcers or micro-amputations 1-3 . However, RP can be occur without underlying disease or unknown etiology which named as primary RP (pRP). This sort of pRP commonly littered with atmospheric condition and therefore the symptoms reliefs dramatically when exposure to the cause is removed 4,5 . In primary type, there is no autoimmunity associated marker or reaction. Therefore, a comprehensive anamnesis should be taken and physical and laboratory examination should be made in every case with RP and after excluding suspected pathologies the RP are often classified as primary type 1,5 .
The essential finding of pRP is aggravation of symptoms by exposure cold and the detection of color changes (turn white, blue, or both). The diagnosis is clarified after exclusion of possible underlying diseases with checking nail capillaroscopy and laboratory panel such as complete blood counting, inflammatory parameters, metabolic panel, antibodies, enzymes etc. Avoiding contact with cold and stress is suggested for these patients. Lifestyle changes such as reducing smoking and caffeine use are important. Additionally, some medications can be applied1-5 . However, some patients have borderline symptoms without physical findings like sort of a feeling of cold within the extremities. In this patient group, management is harder because no finding apart from anamnesis has been determined, and no parameter has been defined for possible suspicion 6,7 . Especially, an abnormal capillaroscopic finding for differentiation of RP is discriminative for secondary RP. Thus, nailfold capillaroscopy is losing potential predictor role for pRP.
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible predictors for pRP. Therefore, flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), routine blood markers, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) levels were compared between pRP patients and healthy individuals.