Conceptual Framework
The Shape-Shifter Model is a biobehavioral approach to guide the
biopsychosocial research of symptoms.15 Based on this
model, independent and dependent variables (determinants and phenomena,
respectively) can change positions in an association, creating
bi-directionality and potentially increased explanatory power in the
study of associations between biologic or psychologic/behavioral factors
and a symptom.15 The variables of study in this review
are posture, depression/mood, and QOL.