Oosterwijk, Rotteveel, Fischer, Hess 26
GRADE Level: Moderate
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To examine whether the activation of emotions pride and disappointment
are accompanied by changes in posture.
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Double blind, repeated measures study
57 (52 women) undergraduate psychology students, primarily women
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Intervention: Emotional reactions (to +/- emotional photo)
Control: reaction to non-emotional photo
(Wellbeing Scale by Hess & Blairy)
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Posture (digital camera software)
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Main effect for concept (pride, disappointment) F(1,56)=5.07, p=.028
supporting with disappointment, posture height decreased significantly
more than during the pride task.
Post-hoc independent t-test showed increased posture height with
positive emotion (t(56)=.2.76,p<.004)
Negative emotion words decreased posture height more than positive
emotion words with concept*time interaction: F(3,164)=2.82,
p=.042.
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Canales, Cordas, Fiquer, Cavalcante, Moreno 28
GRADE Level: Moderate
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To quantify posture and body image in patients with major depressive
disorder (during episodes and after medication treatment) compared to
healthy volunteers.
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10-week, non-randomized, observational, case-control study
34 people diagnosed with major depression disorder (42.4 + 9.1
years), (77% female)
37 age and gender (78% female) matched controls
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Treatment of Depression (in a mood disorders clinic)
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Posture (digital camera software)
Depression (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression)
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Kyphosis significantly worse in patients with depression compared to
controls at baseline, (mean ~140 ± 5° vs
~145±6°). With treatment, those with depression showed
improved kyphosis by 5° and ressembled controls
(p<0.001).
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Aviezer, Trope, Todorov 29
GRADE Level: Moderate
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To examine whether facial expressions of opposite emotions would
overlap, and whether the body context (posture) would aid in
interpreting the emotion.
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Comparative
45 participants rated emotional reactions in photos in various
settings—add details
Gender not reported
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Intervention: Emotional reactions (viewing photos of face and
body)
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Posture (body affective valence by participant rating on 1-10
scale)
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Correct rating when body included F(2,42)=74.05, p<.0001, but
not face alone p>0.3.
Changed rating of emotion based on the mismatched body (not the face)
F(1,14)=118, p<.0001.
Positive and negative faces rated incorrectly F(1,14)=29.6,
p<.0001, but when the body was added, emotions were rated
correctly F(1,14)=96.9, p<.0001.
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Rosario, Diógenes, Mattei, Leite 23
GRADE Level: Low
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To investigate the existence of a relationship between sadness,
depression and posture.
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Cross-sectional descriptive study
40 volunteer women ages 20-30 yo, normal BMI an no comorbidities
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Depression (analogue scale 0-10, altered Beck Depression
Inventory)
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Posture (digital camera software)
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Depression and sadness were associated with medium and large effect
sizes of kyphotic postures (r = .36-.51; p=.01-.05).
Strong correlation between “usual depression” and shoulder inclination
(r = 0.822; p=0.02)
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Hepach, Vaish, Tomasello 30
GRADE Level: Moderate
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To measure changes in upper-body posture related to positive and
negative internal states.
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Single blinded, repeated measures study
12 volunteer students, ages 14-37 (median 26 years), 50% female
48 children, 52% female, 29-31 months old (median 30 months)
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Intervention: Emotional reactions
(adults: imagining positive or negative; children:
self-assessment-manikin rating scale)
Rating scale for how pleasant an emotion experienced (9 = very pleasant,
1= very unpleasant)
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Posture (digital camera software)
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Adults’ had more chest height with positive emotions than negative
(approx. 2°, p=0.012)
Childrens’ emotions were rated more pleasant after intervention (M =
6.45, SD = 1.66) compared to the baseline (M = 5.83, SD = 1.73) trial,
t(41) = 2.24, p=.031).
Children with ratings of high positive affect showed greater increase in
upper-body posture (r=0.37; p=.03).
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Canales, Fiquer, Campos, Soeiro-de-Souza, Moreno 27
GRADE Level: Moderate
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To investigate associations between poor spinal posture and recurrence
of major depressive disorder.
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Prospective comparative cross-sectional study
72 people with depression,
41 with recurrent depression (58% female, age 39 years, SD 9.5), 31
with single episode depression (47% female, age 37 years, SD 9.4)
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Depression
(Hamilton Depression Rating Scale)
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Posture (digital camera software)
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Group with recurrent depression had worse posture than the group with a
single episode (139.38, SD 1.19, p < 0.001).
Multivariate analysis of covariance showed interaction between severity
of depression and degree of kyphosis (test statistic not reported, p =
0.002).
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