Figure 4. Vegetation responses to volcanic eruptions registered in the sediment record from Lake Relem. a) All pollen taxa Pollen-Accumulation-Rate used as a proxy for vegetation biomass changes. b) Principal Curve and c) the rate of change showing significant compositional changes along the time. d) Palynological richness E(T400)) and e) palynological evenness E(T10)/E(T400) comparing diversity changes after volcanic disturbances. Red vertical line indicates the Sollipulli-Alpehue eruption; grey vertical lines indicate other tephra deposited >1.5cm thick into the lake.