Table 1. Baseline characteristics
All patients (n = 77) No event group (n = 67) Event group (n = 10) p-value
Age, yrs 79 (74 – 83) 79 (73 – 83) 79 (74 – 84) 0.861
Female, n (%) 25 (33) 20 (30) 5 (50) 0.207
Body mass index, kg/m2 21.4 (18.8 – 23.5) 21.4 (19.1 – 23.7) 20.6 (16.4 – 22.9) 0.112
Patient history
 Previous congestive heart failure, n (%) 48 (64) 41 (63) 7 (70) 0.673
 Previous myocardial infarction, n (%) 23 (30) 19 (28) 4 (40) 0.456
 Previous coronary artery bypass graft, n (%) 8 (10) 7 (10) 1 (10) 0.966
 Previous percutaneous intervention, n (%) 23 (30) 22 (33) 1 (10) 0.144
Previous cerebral disease, n (%) 8 (10) 5 (8) 3 (30) 0.030
Comorbidities
Dyslipidemia, n (%) 39 (51) 33 (49) 6 (60) 0.529
 Hypertension, n (%) 57 (74) 49 (73) 8 (80) 0.646
 Diabetes mellitus, n (%) 26 (34) 21 (31) 5 (50) 0.248
 COPD, n (%) 11 (14) 8 (12) 3 (30) 0.130
Coronary artery disease, n (%) 20 (34) 19 (37) 1 (14) 0.247
 Atrial fibrillation, n (%) 41 (53) 33 (50) 8 (80) 0.236
Hemoglobin (g/dL) 11.3 (10.3 – 12.8) 11.3 (10.2 – 12.8) 11.0 (10.0 – 12.7) 0.476
eGFR (mL/min/1.73m2) 39.9 (26.4 – 53.8) 41.7 (29.8 – 56.6) 25.2 (19.9 – 31.5) 0.006
proBNP (pg/mL) 2164 (1082 – 5051) 1760 (870 – 4955) 4042 (2794 – 7114) 0.039
Patient status
NYHA functional class, n (%)
 I, II, III, IV 1 (1), 13 (17), 54 (70), 9 (12) 1 (2), 12 (18), 47 (70), 7 (10) 0 (0), 1 (10), 7 (70), 2 (20) 0.305
STS risk score, % 11.0 (5.3 – 16.0) 10.9 (5.2 – 15.5) 13.6 (8.1 – 24.3) 0.282
Preprocedural echo data
Degenerative MR, n (%) 22 (29) 21 (31) 1 (10) 0.166
MR grade; III, IV, n (%) 20 (26), 52 (67) 17 (25), 45 (67) 3 (30), 7 (70) 0.754
MV-EROA, cm2 0.3 (0.2 – 0.4) 0.3 (0.2 – 0.4) 0.2 (0.2 – 0.3) 0.161
LVEF, % 50 (35 – 61) 50 (34 – 64) 49 (43 – 57) 0.802
LVEDVi, mL/m2 85 (64 – 110) 90 (64 – 113) 72 (51 – 102) 0.168
LAVi, mL/m2 68 (52 – 86) 67 (52 – 85) 74 (56 – 111) 0.321
RVSP, mmHg 36 (28 – 45) 35 (28 – 45) 41 (19 – 49) 0.820
Moderate or severe TR, n (%) 25 (33) 20 (30) 5 (10) 0.207
Pulmonary hypertension, n (%) 41 (53) 35 (52) 6 (60) 0.648
TAPSE, mm 14 (12 – 22) 16 (13 – 22) 12 (7 – 14) 0.009
RV-FAC, % 36 (25 – 44) 38 (25 – 44) 28 (24 – 37) 0.203
RV-s’, cm/s 8.9 (7.1 – 10.7) 9.1 (7.3 – 10.7) 7.7 (6.2 – 12.1) 0.223
Values are n (%) or median (interquartile range). COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; EROA, effective regurgitant orifice area; FAC, fractional area change; LAVi, left atrial volume index; LVEDVi, left vantricular end-diastolic volume index; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; MR, mitral regurgitation; MV, mitral valve; NT-pro BNP, N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York heart association; RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure; STS, society of thoracic surgeons; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR, tricuspid regurgitation Values are n (%) or median (interquartile range). COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; EROA, effective regurgitant orifice area; FAC, fractional area change; LAVi, left atrial volume index; LVEDVi, left vantricular end-diastolic volume index; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; MR, mitral regurgitation; MV, mitral valve; NT-pro BNP, N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York heart association; RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure; STS, society of thoracic surgeons; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR, tricuspid regurgitation Values are n (%) or median (interquartile range). COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; EROA, effective regurgitant orifice area; FAC, fractional area change; LAVi, left atrial volume index; LVEDVi, left vantricular end-diastolic volume index; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; MR, mitral regurgitation; MV, mitral valve; NT-pro BNP, N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York heart association; RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure; STS, society of thoracic surgeons; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR, tricuspid regurgitation Values are n (%) or median (interquartile range). COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; EROA, effective regurgitant orifice area; FAC, fractional area change; LAVi, left atrial volume index; LVEDVi, left vantricular end-diastolic volume index; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; MR, mitral regurgitation; MV, mitral valve; NT-pro BNP, N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York heart association; RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure; STS, society of thoracic surgeons; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR, tricuspid regurgitation Values are n (%) or median (interquartile range). COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; EROA, effective regurgitant orifice area; FAC, fractional area change; LAVi, left atrial volume index; LVEDVi, left vantricular end-diastolic volume index; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; MR, mitral regurgitation; MV, mitral valve; NT-pro BNP, N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York heart association; RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure; STS, society of thoracic surgeons; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR, tricuspid regurgitation