Acknowledgments
The authors thank the structural heart disease Heart Team at St. Marianna University School of Medicine Hospital for their assistance.
References
1. Dini FL, Conti U, Fontanive P et al. Right ventricular dysfunction is a major predictor of outcome in patients with moderate to severe mitral regurgitation and left ventricular dysfunction. Am Heart J 2007;154:172-9.
2. Merlo M, Gobbo M, Stolfo D et al. The Prognostic Impact of the Evolution of RV Function in Idiopathic DCM. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2016;9:1034-1042.
3. Dahou A, Clavel MA, Capoulade R et al. Right ventricular longitudinal strain for risk stratification in low-flow, low-gradient aortic stenosis with low ejection fraction. Heart 2016;102:548-54.
4. Gorter TM, Lexis CP, Hummel YM et al. Right Ventricular Function After Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (from the Glycometabolic Intervention as Adjunct to Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction III Trial). Am J Cardiol 2016;118:338-44.
5. Sanz J, Sanchez-Quintana D, Bossone E, Bogaard HJ, Naeije R. Anatomy, Function, and Dysfunction of the Right Ventricle: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019;73:1463-1482.
6. Sabe MA, Sabe SA, Kusunose K, Flamm SD, Griffin BP, Kwon DH. Predictors and Prognostic Significance of Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2016;134:656-65.
7. Kaneko H, Neuss M, Weissenborn J, Butter C. Prognostic Significance of Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients With Functional Mitral Regurgitation Undergoing MitraClip. Am J Cardiol 2016;118:1717-1722.
8. Giannini C, Petronio AS, De Carlo M et al. Integrated reverse left and right ventricular remodelling after MitraClip implantation in functional mitral regurgitation: an echocardiographic study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014;15:95-103.
9. Frangieh AH, Gruner C, Mikulicic F et al. Impact of percutaneous mitral valve repair using the MitraClip system on tricuspid regurgitation. EuroIntervention 2016;11:e1680-6.
10. Vitarelli A, Mangieri E, Capotosto L et al. Assessment of Biventricular Function by Three-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography in Secondary Mitral Regurgitation after Repair with the MitraClip System. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2015;28:1070-82.
11. Zoghbi WA, Enriquez-Sarano M, Foster E et al. Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2003;16:777-802.
12. Zoghbi WA, Adams D, Bonow RO et al. Recommendations for Noninvasive Evaluation of Native Valvular Regurgitation: A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography Developed in Collaboration with the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2017;30:303-371.
13. Lancellotti P, Tribouilloy C, Hagendorff A et al. Recommendations for the echocardiographic assessment of native valvular regurgitation: an executive summary from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2013;14:611-44.
14. Rudski LG, Lai WW, Afilalo J et al. Guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of the right heart in adults: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography endorsed by the European Association of Echocardiography, a registered branch of the European Society of Cardiology, and the Canadian Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2010;23:685-713; quiz 786-8.
15. Anavekar NS, Gerson D, Skali H, Kwong RY, Yucel EK, Solomon SD. Two-dimensional assessment of right ventricular function: an echocardiographic-MRI correlative study. Echocardiography 2007;24:452-6.
16. Stone GW, Adams DH, Abraham WT et al. Clinical Trial Design Principles and Endpoint Definitions for Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair and Replacement: Part 2: Endpoint Definitions: A Consensus Document From the Mitral Valve Academic Research Consortium. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015;66:308-321.
17. Aloia E, Cameli M, D’Ascenzi F, Sciaccaluga C, Mondillo S. TAPSE: An old but useful tool in different diseases. Int J Cardiol 2016;225:177-183.
18. Mehta SR, Eikelboom JW, Natarajan MK et al. Impact of right ventricular involvement on mortality and morbidity in patients with inferior myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;37:37-43.
19. Polak JF, Holman BL, Wynne J, Colucci WS. Right ventricular ejection fraction: an indicator of increased mortality in patients with congestive heart failure associated with coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 1983;2:217-24.
20. Gavazzi A, Berzuini C, Campana C et al. Value of right ventricular ejection fraction in predicting short-term prognosis of patients with severe chronic heart failure. J Heart Lung Transplant 1997;16:774-85.
21. Shah PK, Maddahi J, Staniloff HM et al. Variable spectrum and prognostic implications of left and right ventricular ejection fractions in patients with and without clinical heart failure after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1986;58:387-93.
22. Juilliere Y, Barbier G, Feldmann L, Grentzinger A, Danchin N, Cherrier F. Additional predictive value of both left and right ventricular ejection fractions on long-term survival in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J 1997;18:276-80.
23. Wencker D, Borer JS, Hochreiter C et al. Preoperative predictors of late postoperative outcome among patients with nonischemic mitral regurgitation with ’high risk’ descriptors and comparison with unoperated patients. Cardiology 2000;93:37-42.
24. Meluzin J, Spinarova L, Hude P et al. Prognostic importance of various echocardiographic right ventricular functional parameters in patients with symptomatic heart failure. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2005;18:435-44.
25. Giannini C, Fiorelli F, Colombo A et al. Right ventricular evaluation to improve survival outcome in patients with severe functional mitral regurgitation and advanced heart failure undergoing MitraClip therapy. Int J Cardiol 2016;223:574-580.
26. Orban M, Braun D, Orban M et al. Long-term outcome of patients with severe biventricular heart failure and severe mitral regurgitation after percutaneous edge-to-edge mitral valve repair. J Interv Cardiol 2015;28:164-71.
27. Bazaz R, Edelman K, Gulyasy B, Lopez-Candales A. Evidence of robust coupling of atrioventricular mechanical function of the right side of the heart: insights from M-mode analysis of annular motion. Echocardiography 2008;25:557-61.
28. Mohammed SF, Hussain I, AbouEzzeddine OF et al. Right ventricular function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a community-based study. Circulation 2014;130:2310-20.
29. Bursi F, McNallan SM, Redfield MM et al. Pulmonary pressures and death in heart failure: a community study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;59:222-31.
30. Kjaergaard J, Akkan D, Iversen KK et al. Prognostic importance of pulmonary hypertension in patients with heart failure. Am J Cardiol 2007;99:1146-50.
31. Alexopoulos D, Lazzam C, Borrico S, Fiedler L, Ambrose JA. Isolated chronic mitral regurgitation with preserved systolic left ventricular function and severe pulmonary hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 1989;14:319-22.
32. Setaro JF, Cleman MW, Remetz MS. The right ventricle in disorders causing pulmonary venous hypertension. Cardiol Clin 1992;10:165-83.
33. Kubba S, Davila CD, Forfia PR. Methods for Evaluating Right Ventricular Function and Ventricular-Arterial Coupling. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2016;59:42-51.
34. Vonk-Noordegraaf A, Haddad F, Chin KM et al. Right heart adaptation to pulmonary arterial hypertension: physiology and pathobiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:D22-33.
35. Cavalcante JL, Simon MA, Chan SY. Comprehensive Right-Sided Assessment for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Risk Stratification: Time for a Change. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2017;30:47-51.
36. Hussain I, Mohammed SF, Forfia PR et al. Impaired Right Ventricular-Pulmonary Arterial Coupling and Effect of Sildenafil in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: An Ancillary Analysis From the Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibition to Improve Clinical Status And Exercise Capacity in Diastolic Heart Failure (RELAX) Trial. Circ Heart Fail 2016;9:e002729.
37. Sultan I, Cardounel A, Abdelkarim I et al. Right ventricle to pulmonary artery coupling in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Heart 2019;105:117-121.
38. Maisano F, Franzen O, Baldus S et al. Percutaneous mitral valve interventions in the real world: early and 1-year results from the ACCESS-EU, a prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized post-approval study of the MitraClip therapy in Europe. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:1052-1061.
39. Glower DD, Kar S, Trento A et al. Percutaneous mitral valve repair for mitral regurgitation in high-risk patients: results of the EVEREST II study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;64:172-81.
40. Sorajja P, Vemulapalli S, Feldman T et al. Outcomes With Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair in the United States: An STS/ACC TVT Registry Report. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;70:2315-2327.
41. Hunlich M, Lubos E, Beuthner BE et al. Acute and Long-Term Hemodynamic Effects of MitraClip Implantation on a Preexisting Secondary Right Heart Failure. Biomed Res Int 2018;2018:6817832.
42. Ledwoch J, Fellner C, Hoppmann P et al. Impact of transcatheter mitral valve repair using MitraClip on right ventricular remodeling. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020.