Figure 1 . Morphology and life history responses of C. cornuta under fish and Chaoborus predation risks. The dark line with asterisks indicates significant differences between treatments with and without fish predation risk (*P < 0.05, **P< 0.01, and ***P < 0.001). The upper- and lowercase letters indicate differences among treatments without and withChaoborus predation risk, respectively. The error bar indicates standard error.