|
Index |
Subsequent |
p value |
Age (years) |
30.6 (4.9) |
33.5 (4.9) |
<0.001 |
Booking-in weight (kg) |
67 (58.0,82.0) |
70 (59.0,87.0) |
<0.001 |
Booking-in BMI (kg/m2) |
26.2 (22.6, 31.6) |
27.1
(23.4,32.5) |
<0.001 |
Week of booking |
12.4 (6.0) |
12.8 (5.7) |
0.42 |
Ethnicity (n,%) |
|
|
|
-Europid |
178 (42.0) |
|
|
-East Asia |
89 (21.0) |
|
|
-South Asia |
68 (16.0) |
|
|
-Middle East |
57 (13.4) |
|
|
-Other |
32 (7.6) |
|
|
Parity (n,%) |
|
|
|
0 |
238 (56.1) |
- |
<0.001 |
1 |
104 (24.5) |
223 (52.7) |
|
2 |
45 (10.6) |
110 (26.0) |
|
>2 |
37 (8.7) |
90 (21.3) |
|
Week of GDM diagnosis |
27 (25,29) |
24 (16,27) |
<0.001 |
Early vs late GDM (n,%) |
|
|
|
-early |
41 (9.7) |
180 (42.5) |
<0.001 |
-late |
383 (90.3) |
244 (57.5) |
|
GTT- fasting glucose (mmol/L) |
4.9 (0.9) |
5.0 (1.0) |
0.22 |
GTT- 2 hour glucose (mmol/L) |
9.0 (1.4) |
8.9 (1.7) |
0.51 |
Medication required (%) |
|
|
|
-yes |
229 (54.0) |
270 (63.7) |
<0.001 |
-no |
195 (46.0) |
154 (36.3) |
|
Week medication started |
30 (28,33) |
27 (21,30) |
<0.001 |
Mode of delivery (%) |
|
|
|
-vaginal birth |
281 (66.3) |
264 (62.3) |
0.01 |
-Caesarean section |
143 (33.7) |
160 (37.7) |
|
Induction of labour (n, %) |
|
|
|
-yes |
200 (47.2) |
143 (33.7) |
<0.001 |
-no |
224 (52.8) |
281 (66.3) |
|
Instrumental delivery (n, %) |
|
|
|
-yes |
59 (13.9) |
21 (5.0) |
<0.001 |
-no |
365 (86.1) |
403 (95.0) |
|
Emergency Caesarean (n, %) |
|
|
|
-yes |
69 (16.3) |
30 (7.1) |
<0.001 |
-no |
355 (83.7) |
394 (92.9) |
|
Elective Caesarean (n, %) |
|
|
|
-yes |
72 (17.0) |
129 (30.4) |
<0.001 |
-no |
352 (83.0) |
295 (69.6) |
|
Gestation at delivery (weeks) |
38.7 (1.6) |
38.5 (1.4) |
0.02 |
Delivery <37 wks |
|
|
|
|
30 (7.1) |
40 (9.4) |
0.20 |
|
394 (92.9) |
384 (90.6) |
|
Birth weight (g) |
3315 (554) |
3392 (587) |
0.005 |
Birth weight centile (%) |
50 (27.77) |
54 (28,80) |
0.23 |
SGA (%) |
|
|
|
-yes |
33 (7.8) |
37 (8.7) |
0.67 |
-no |
391 (92.2) |
387 (91.3) |
|
LGA (%) |
|
|
|
-yes |
71 (16.7) |
67 (15.8) |
0.73 |
-no |
353 (83.3) |
357 (84.2) |
|
Birth length (cm) |
50.1 (3.0) |
50.3 (2.6) |
0.12 |
Fetal/neonatal death (n, %) |
|
|
|
-yes |
421 (99.3) |
423 (99.8) |
0.63 |
-no |
3 (0.7) |
1 (0.2) |
|
Dystocia (n, %) |
|
|
|
-yes |
17 (4.0) |
8 (1.9) |
0.09 |
-no |
407 (96.0) |
416 (98.1) |
|
Neonatal hypoglycemia (n, %) |
|
|
|
-yes |
57 (13.4) |
69 (16.3) |
0.25 |
-no |
367 (86.6) |
355 (83.7) |
|
Composite neonatal outcome (death/dystocia/LGA/ SGA) (n, %) |
|
|
|
-yes |
114 (26.9) |
108 (25.5) |
0.66 |
-no |
310 (73.1) |
316 (74.5) |
|