References :
1. Vogel M, Schwarze-Zander C, Wasmuth JC, Spengler U, Sauerbruch T, Rockstroh JK. The treatment of patients with HIV. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2010;107 (28-29):507-15; quiz 16 doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2010.0507[published Online First: Epub Date]|.
2. McCluskey SM, Siedner MJ, Marconi VC. Management of Virologic Failure and HIV Drug Resistance. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2019;33 (3):707-42 doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2019.05.004[published Online First: Epub Date]|.
3. Lenjiso GA, Endale BS, Bacha YD. Clinical and immunological failure among HIV-positive adults taking first-line antiretroviral therapy in Dire Dawa, eastern Ethiopia. BMC Public Health 2019;19 (1):771 doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7078-5[published Online First: Epub Date]|.
4. Hummelen R, Hemsworth J, Changalucha J, et al. Effect of micronutrient and probiotic fortified yogurt on immune-function of anti-retroviral therapy naive HIV patients. Nutrients 2011;3 (10):897-909 doi: 10.3390/nu3100897[published Online First: Epub Date]|.
5. Fu YS, Chu QS, Ashuro AA, et al. The Effect of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics on CD4 Counts in HIV-Infected Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Biomed Res Int 2020;2020 :7947342 doi: 10.1155/2020/7947342[published Online First: Epub Date]|.
6. Vidya Vijayan KK, Karthigeyan KP, Tripathi SP, Hanna LE. Pathophysiology of CD4+ T-Cell Depletion in HIV-1 and HIV-2 Infections. Front Immunol 2017;8 :580 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00580[published Online First: Epub Date]|.
7. Hill A, Balkin A. Risk factors for gastrointestinal adverse events in HIV treated and untreated patients. AIDS Rev 2009;11 (1):30-8
8. Olegario JG, Silva RC, Teixeira Vde P, Castro EC, Corrêa RR. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in individuals with AIDS. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2011;77 (3):308-14 doi: 10.1590/s1808-86942011000300007[published Online First: Epub Date]|.
9. D’Angelo C, Reale M, Costantini E. Microbiota and Probiotics in Health and HIV Infection. Nutrients 2017;9 (6) doi: 10.3390/nu9060615[published Online First: Epub Date]|.
10. Crakes K, Jiang G. Gut microbiome alterations during HIV/SIV infection: Implications for HIV cure. Frontiers in Microbiology 2019;10 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01104[published Online First: Epub Date]|.
11. Barrios A, Rendón A, Negredo E, et al. Paradoxical CD4+ T-cell decline in HIV-infected patients with complete virus suppression taking tenofovir and didanosine. Aids 2005;19 (6):569-75 doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000163933.14649.93[published Online First: Epub Date]|.
12. Beilke MA. Retroviral coinfections: HIV and HTLV: taking stock of more than a quarter century of research. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2012;28 (2):139-47 doi: 10.1089/aid.2011.0342[published Online First: Epub Date]|.
13. Trois L, Cardoso EM, Miura E. Use of probiotics in HIV-infected children: a randomized double-blind controlled study. J Trop Pediatr 2008;54 (1):19-24 doi: 10.1093/tropej/fmm066[published Online First: Epub Date]|.
14. Irvine SL, Hummelen R, Hekmat S, Looman CW, Habbema JD, Reid G. Probiotic yogurt consumption is associated with an increase of CD4 count among people living with HIV/AIDS. J Clin Gastroenterol 2010;44 (9):e201-5 doi: 10.1097/MCG.0b013e3181d8fba8[published Online First: Epub Date]|.