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\begin{document}

\title{The Ability of Early Warning Scores to Predict in Hospital Mortality and
ICU Admission for Patients with Covid 19 Pneumonia in the Emergency
Department}



\author[1]{Yunus Arik}%
\author[1]{Hatice  Topçu}%
\author[1]{Mustafa Altınay}%
\affil[1]{Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{June 18, 2024}


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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
\textbf{Introduction:} Early recognition of critical patients is crucial
in emergency departments. Many scoring systems are used for it. This
study aim determining the prognostic values of these scoring systems for
Covid 19 patients.

\textbf{Method:} This retrospective study was performed between March
2020 -May 2020. 212 patient who have Covid 19 pneumonia were enrolled
the study. National Early Warning Score (NEWS), Modified Early Warning
Score (MEWS) and quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA)
scores were calculated according to patients' admission data. Receiver
operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the
diagnostic values of scores and the optimum cut-off values were
determined by using Youden Index.

\textbf{Results:} 23 (10.8\%) of 212 patients died and 34 (16\%) were
admitted to ICU. The AUC values of MEWS, NEWS, and qSOFA for predicting
mortality in \textless{} 65 years old were 0.852 (95\% confidence
interval 0.708-0.997), 0.882(0.741-1.000) and 0.879(0.768-0.990) and
\textgreater{}65 years old 0.854(0.720-0.987), 0.931(0.853-1.000),
0.776(0.609-0.944) respectively. For ICU admission AUC values of MEWS,
NEWS and qSOFA in \textless{}65 years old followed as;
0.882(0.783-0.981), 0.914(0.817-1.000)\textbf{,} 0.868(0.764-0.973) and
0.845(0.725-0.965), 0.926(0.854-0.998), 0.815(0.676-0.954) in [?] 65 years
old. MEWS and qSOFA's optimal cut-off values for mortality were [?]2 with
\%90.0 sensitivity \%74.7 specificity and [?]1 with \%90.0 sensitivity
\%74.7 specificity for \textless{}65 years, NEWS optimal cut-off is [?]6
with 91.7\% sensitivity and 76.7\% specificity for [?] 65 years
old.\textbf{}

\textbf{Conclusion:} These scores have good predictive value for
mortality and ICU admission, but NEWS is better especially in [?] 65 years
old patient with Covid 19 pneumonia.

\textbf{Keywords:} Early warning scores, NEWS, MEWS, qSOFA, Covid 19
pneumonia, mortality{}%
\end{abstract}%



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