Baseline Covariates and Follow-up
Baseline (prior to surgery) demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and laboratory data were extracted from the medical record. Medical care throughout the hospital course was at the direction of the clinical team, who recorded diagnoses (ICD-10 codes), laboratory tests, and medications as part of routine care. The clinical team was not blinded to results of the evaluation of performance during diastole. Follow-up included the intraoperative and postoperative care phases until the time of hospital discharge. Complications were determined from abstraction of data routinely recorded in the medical record. Intravenous fluids and red blood cells administered volumes were abstracted from the medical record from time of surgery through the 4thpostoperative day.