Study Participants
Patients who underwent CAB using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) at the
Johns Hopkins Hospital (JHH) from January 2017 to July 2018 and
underwent a TEE exam to assess diastolic function were eligible for
inclusion. Individuals were excluded for any of the following: left
ventricular ejection fraction <50%; preoperative electrical
pacing, inotropic support, or mechanical ventricular support.
Institutional approval by the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutional Review
Board was received, and requirement for written informed consent was
waived.