Outcome Measures
The primary outcome, time to hospital discharge, was defined as the time
from end of surgery to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes were:
interval until extubation (requiring greater than 6 hours following end
of surgery), interval until free of supplemental oxygen (days from end
of surgery to breathing room air), composite cardio-respiratory
morbidity (i.e. postoperative diagnosis of heart failure, respiratory
insufficiency, respiratory failure, or pulmonary edema), new atrial
fibrillation, postoperative hypotension, hypervolemia, acute kidney
injury (AKI; defined as maximal change in creatinine from baseline by
KDIGO criteria) [16] , stroke,
infection (surgical site infection [SSI], pneumonia, or sepsis), and
readmission to the ICU.