Subjects
Data from children (0-18 years) with FPIES, referred consecutively to
two French pediatric centers (Trousseau and Necker-Enfants Malades,
Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris) between January 2014 and April
2020 were retrospectively collected. The diagnosis of acute FPIES wasconfirmed if recurrent vomiting was associated with at least 3
minor criteria7, or in the presence of typical
vomiting after performance of an OFC.7,21 The
diagnosis of acute FPIES was presumptive when the recurrent
vomiting was associated with only 2 minor criteria, in the absence of
skin or respiratory symptoms, and without any argument for a
differential diagnosis.7,8 The diagnosis of chronic
FPIES was confirmed in the presence of acute-on-chronic typical
symptoms.7 The diagnosis of chronic FPIES was
considered to be presumptive in the absence of any acute phase,
in children with compatible symptoms, including chronic diarrhea,
vomiting, with significant improvement within a few days after avoidance
of the offending food, and after exclusion of differential diagnosis
(food protein-induced enteropathy, gastrointestinal reflux, cyclic
vomiting, anatomical gastrointestinal obstruction, infectious
gastroenteritis and inborn errors of metabolism).7,8When the diagnosis criteria of FPIES were lacking, children were
excluded from the study.