Subjects
Data from children (0-18 years) with FPIES, referred consecutively to two French pediatric centers (Trousseau and Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris) between January 2014 and April 2020 were retrospectively collected. The diagnosis of acute FPIES wasconfirmed if recurrent vomiting was associated with at least 3 minor criteria7, or in the presence of typical vomiting after performance of an OFC.7,21 The diagnosis of acute FPIES was presumptive when the recurrent vomiting was associated with only 2 minor criteria, in the absence of skin or respiratory symptoms, and without any argument for a differential diagnosis.7,8 The diagnosis of chronic FPIES was confirmed in the presence of acute-on-chronic typical symptoms.7 The diagnosis of chronic FPIES was considered to be presumptive in the absence of any acute phase, in children with compatible symptoms, including chronic diarrhea, vomiting, with significant improvement within a few days after avoidance of the offending food, and after exclusion of differential diagnosis (food protein-induced enteropathy, gastrointestinal reflux, cyclic vomiting, anatomical gastrointestinal obstruction, infectious gastroenteritis and inborn errors of metabolism).7,8When the diagnosis criteria of FPIES were lacking, children were excluded from the study.