2.8 Statistical analysis
Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v25.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY,
USA). The shapes of the distributions of the variables in this study
were assessed by using the Shapiro-Wilk test, whether the observation is
normal or skewed. In cases where the test results have indicated that
the data were normally distributed, then data were detailed with mean ±
standard deviation (SD). The continuous data which yielded the
non-parametric dispersion was detailed with median and IQR and analyzed
with the Mann-Whitney U test to observe the group-wise differences.
One-way ANOVA was used to compare the differences of outcome parameters
(age, BMI, procedure duration, duration of anesthesia, dose of
remifentanil and propofol, recovery time, NRS score, NRS dynamic score,
time of first pain, total tramadol consumption (mg) in 24 h,
satisfaction score) among groups (group SAB vs group ESP vs RIB).
Pairwise comparison of one-way ANOVA was made using post hoc analysis
and the Student-Newman-Keuls Q-test. The prevalence of nausea, vomiting,
and limb paresthesia is presented as a percentage, and differences among
groups were evaluated using the chi-square test. The corrected P-value
was obtained directly, and the cutoff value was 0.05.