Operation technic
After placing 5 or 6 F ureter catheters under general anesthesia, subcostal or intercostal access was achieved in all patients with an 18-gauge needle with fluoroscopic guidance in the prone position depending on the location of the stone and the anatomy of the kidney. The entry site was dilated up to 30 Fr using Amplatz dilators, and the collecting system was entered with a nephroscope. Lithotripsy was performed with a pneumatic lithotriptor (Vibrolith; Elmed, Ankara, Turkey). A 14 F nephrostomy tube was inserted postoperatively in all patients.