Figure 3. (A) Overall effectiveness of RF wire compared to electrified guidewires (EG) (B) 0.032” EG requires significantly more RF applications and both EGs have more variability between tissue samples than the dedicated RF wire. (C) TSP using the RF wire was 100% successful regardless of the distance between the wire tip and dilator tip, whereas effectiveness of EG declined with distance. Data reported as mean attempts to perforate each sample, up to 8 RF applications (Significance shown for electrified guidewires vs. RF wire. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.0001 for means between each group; #p < 0.0001 for sample variance within each group).