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\begin{document}

\title{Opioid medicines management in primary care settings: a scoping review
of quantitative studies of pharmacists' activities}



\author[1]{Margaret Jordan}%
\author[2]{Asam Latif}%
\author[3]{Judy Mullan}%
\author[4]{Timothy Chen}%
\affil[1]{The University of Sydney}%
\affil[2]{University of Nottingham}%
\affil[3]{University of Wollongong Faculty of Science Medicine and Health}%
\affil[4]{University of Sydney}%


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  \date{June 07, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Aim To undertake a scoping review of pharmacists' activities in opioid
medicines management in primary care settings, including those developed
or led by pharmacists, or in which pharmacists were members of broader
multi-disciplinary teams; and to collate the activities, models of care
and settings, and reported outcomes. Methods The bibliographic databases
MEDLINE, EMBASE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, CINAHL, SCOPUS
and Web of Science were searched. Studies with quantitative evaluation
and published in English were eligible. Participants were patients with
any pain category or an opioid use disorder, and healthcare providers.
Studies originating in hospitals or involving supply functions were not
included. Screening of literature and data charting of results were
undertaken by two researchers. Results The 47 studies included in the
scooping review occurred in primary care settings collated into four
categories: general practice or primary care clinics; healthcare
organisations; community pharmacies and outreach services. Studies were
primarily of opioid use in chronic, non-cancer pain. Other indications
were opioid use disorder, cancer and dental pain. Pharmacist activities
targeted risk-mitigation, patient and provider education and broader,
strategic approaches. Patient-related outcomes included reduced opioid
load, improved functionality and symptom management, enhanced access to
services and medication-assisted treatments, and engagement in
risk-mitigation strategies. Behaviour change of providers was
demonstrated. Conclusion The review has identified the significant
contribution that pharmacists working in primary care settings can make
to minimise harm from opioids. Strategies implemented in isolation have
the potential to further reduce adverse clinical outcomes with greater
collaboration and coordination, such as opioid stewardship.%
\end{abstract}%



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