BMI, Body Mass Index; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; SD, standard
deviation.
a Numbers may not add up to totals due to
missing values, ranging from 0.3% to 0.9% (level of education, chronic
hypertension, pre-existing diabetes, pre-pregnancy BMI, and parity),
1.0% to 1.4% (country of birth, asthma, depression, and history of
preeclampsia), and 2.1% to 2.3% (smoking and alcohol during
pregnancy). For calcium-containing supplement use, the percentage of
missing values was 24.2%, because details on multivitamin use were
unavailable in The Dutch Pregnancy Drug Register.