Characteristic Calcium-based antacid usea Calcium-based antacid usea Calcium-based antacid usea Calcium-based antacid usea Proton pump inhibitor usea Proton pump inhibitor usea Proton pump inhibitor usea Proton pump inhibitor usea
No (N=6,964) No (N=6,964) Yes (N=1,863) Yes (N=1,863) No (N=8,502) No (N=8,502) Yes (N=332) Yes (N=332)
Maternal age, mean (SD) 31.4 (3.7) 31.4 (3.7) 31.4 (3.7) 31.6 (3.8)
Maternal country of birth, n (%)
The Netherlands 6,629 (95.2) 1,781 (95.6) 8,096 (95.2) 319 (96.1)
Other 264 (3.8) 66 (3.5) 321 (3.8) 11 (3.3)
Level of education, n (%)
Low/intermediate 1,629 (23.4) 383 (20.6) 1,920 (22.6) 90 (27.1)
High 5,278 (75.8) 1,465 (78.6) 6,510 (76.6) 241 (72.6)
Chronic conditions, n (%)
Asthma 398 (5.7) 149 (8.0) 509 (6.0) 34 (10.2)
Chronic hypertension 19 (0.3) 9 (0.5) 26 (0.3) 2 (0.6)
Depression 113 (1.6) 24 (1.3) 125 (1.5) 12 (3.6)
Pre-existing diabetes 16 (0.2) 6 (0.3) 21 (0.2) 1 (0.3)
Pre-pregnancy BMI, mean (SD) 23.6 (4.0) 24.2 (4.5) 23.6 (4.1) 25.6 (5.4)
Parity, n (%)
0 previous deliveries 3,764 (54.0) 1,059 (56.8) 4,658 (54.8) 176 (53.0)
≥1 previous delivery 3,179 (45.6) 797 (42.8) 3,818 (44.9) 154 (46.4)
History of preeclampsia, n (%)
Yes 131 (1.9) 36 (1.9) 160 (1.9) 8 (2.4)
No 6,746 (96.9) 1,813 (97.3) 8,243 (97.0) 323 (97.3)
Smoking during pregnancy, n (%)
Yes 330 (4.7) 114 (6.1) 415 (4.9) 28 (8.4)
No 6,470 (92.9) 1,709 (91.7) 7,898 (92.9) 299 (90.1)
Alcohol during pregnancy, n (%)
Yes 1,095 (15.7) 292 (15.7) 1,351 (15.9) 37 (11.1)
No 5,722 (82.2) 1,536 (82.4) 6,981 (82.1) 291 (87.7)
Calcium-containing supplements, n (%)
Yes 4,073 (58.5) 1,143 (61.4) 5,025 (59.1) 194 (58.4)
No 1,211 (17.4) 266 (14.3) 1,433 (16.9) 48 (14.5)