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\begin{document}

\title{The burden of anthropogenic changes and mutation load in a critically
endangered harrier from the Reunion biodiversity hotspot, Circus
maillardi.}



\author[1]{Yann Bourgeois}%
\author[2]{Ben Warren}%
\author[3]{Steve Augiron}%
\affil[1]{NYUAD}%
\affil[2]{Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle}%
\affil[3]{Affiliation not available}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 27, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Anthropogenic impact and loss of genetic diversity threaten more than
50\% of raptors. These threats are particularly pronounced for island-
endemic species, which occupy small areas, making them more vulnerable
to rapid environmental changes. The Reunion harrier (Circus maillardi)
is a typical example of the challenges encountered by island- endemic
species. In this study, we characterize genetic variation at
near-neutral and coding loci to test the historical impact of human
activity on harrier populations, and evaluate their (mal)adaptive
potential. We observed low but significant genetic differentiation
between populations on the West and North-East sides of the island,
echoing observations in other endemic species. Inbreeding was
significant, with a substantial fraction of samples being first or
second-degree relatives. Historical effective population sizes have
declined from \textasciitilde{}3000 to 300 individuals in the past 1000
years, with a more recent drop \textasciitilde{}100 years ago consistent
with human activity. Based on our simulations and comparisons with a
close relative (Circus melanoleucos), this demographic history may have
allowed purging of the most deleterious variants, but is unlikely to
have allowed the purging of mildly deleterious variants. Our study
provides an example of the massive impact that human activity may have
on the genetic diversity and adaptive potential of island populations,
and calls for urgent action to closely monitor the reproductive success
of such endemic populations, in association with genetic studies.%
\end{abstract}%



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