3.3 Genetic divergence between populations
Genetic divergence among populations measured asF ST are summarized in Table 1 and Table S6.
Average F ST among populations within
metapopulations varied between 0.06 and 0.16 in the 1970-80 samples
(past) and from 0.04 to 0.18 in the present samples and were
significantly larger than zero in all lake systems at both points in
time (all p<0.001; Table 1). Among non-sympatric populations,F ST ranged between 0.07-0.16 (past) and between
0.08-0.18 (present) while among sympatric populations (i.e., populations
coexisting in the same lake) F ST spanned
0.05-0.10 (past) and 0.04-0.09 (present; Table 1). A significant change
of F ST among populations over time was observed
in three of the eight systems where we have more than one population per
system (Table 1). One case shows significant increase ofF ST (Skåarnja 2; p=0.006; Wilcoxon matched pairs
test; Table 1). In contrast, there was a statistically significant
decrease of F ST in two of the below tree-line
metapopulations (Jougdadalen and Hotagen 4; p=0.011 and 0.006,
respectively; Wilcoxon matched pairs test; Table 1).