Introduction
Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular malignancy in infancy
and childhood, with a reported incidence of one per 15,000–20,000 live
births.1 RB accounts for 3% of all pediatric
cancers.2 The overall survival rate of RB among
children diagnosed early at the localized intraocular phase was reported
to exceed 95%3, 4; however, delayed diagnosis and
treatment, which are common in developing countries, may lead to
extraocular metastasis, visual loss, and death. The sites of RB distant
metastases include the central nervous system (CNS), bone, bone marrow,
lymph nodes, and other organs5–9; hepatic metastases
are rare. The objective of this study was to evaluate and summarize the
clinical features, imaging manifestations, treatment, and prognosis of
patients with RB having hepatic metastases.