References
1. Arock M, Sotlar K, Gotlib J, Sperr WR, Hartmann K, Schwartz LB, et al. New developments in the field of mastocytosis and mast cell activation syndromes: a summary of the Annual Meeting of the European Competence Network on Mastocytosis (ECNM) 2019. Leuk Lymphoma . 2020;61(5):1075-83.
2. Reiter A, George TI, Gotlib J. New developments in diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of advanced systemic mastocytosis.Blood . 2020;135(16):1365-76.
3. Valent P, Akin C, Metcalfe DD. Mastocytosis: 2016 updated WHO classification and novel emerging treatment concepts. Blood . 2017;129(11):1420-7.
4. Kunder CA, St John AL, Abraham SN. Mast cell modulation of the vascular and lymphatic endothelium. Blood . 2011;118(20):5383-93.
5. Bucci T, Parente R, De Feo G, Cardamone C, Triggiani M. Flow-mediated dilation shows impaired endothelial function in patients with mastocytosis. J Allergy Clin Immunol . 2019;144(4):1106-11.
6. Godo S, Shimokawa H. Endothelial Functions. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol . 2017;37(9):e108-e14.
7. Leite AR, Borges-Canha M, Cardoso R, Neves JS, Castro-Ferreira R, Leite-Moreira A. Novel Biomarkers for Evaluation of Endothelial Dysfunction. Angiology . 2020;71(5):397-410.
8. Poggesi A, Pasi M, Pescini F, Pantoni L, Inzitari D. Circulating biologic markers of endothelial dysfunction in cerebral small vessel disease: A review. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab . 2016;36(1):72-94.
9. Dobbie LJ, Mackin ST, Hogarth K, Lonergan F, Kannenkeril D, Brooksbank K, et al. Validation of semi-automated flow-mediated dilation measurement in healthy volunteers. Blood Press Monit . 2020;25(4):216-23.
10. Stout M. Flow-mediated dilatation: a review of techniques and applications. Echocardiography . 2009;26(7):832-41.
11. Demirturk M, Akpinar TS, Kose M, Gelincik A, Colakoglu B, Buyukozturk S. Endocan: A Novel Marker of Endothelial Dysfunction in C1-Inhibitor-Deficient Hereditary Angioedema. Int Arch Allergy Immunol . 2017;174(2):104-7.
12. Kliche S, Waltenberger J. VEGF receptor signaling and endothelial function. IUBMB Life . 2001;52(1-2):61-6.
13. Dambala K, Paschou SA, Michopoulos A, Siasos G, Goulis DG, Vavilis D, et al. Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Angiology . 2019;70(9):797-801.
14. Kowalczyk A, Kleniewska P, Kolodziejczyk M, Skibska B, Goraca A. The role of endothelin-1 and endothelin receptor antagonists in inflammatory response and sepsis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) . 2015;63(1):41-52.
15. Lankhorst S, Danser AH, van den Meiracker AH. Endothelin-1 and antiangiogenesis. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol . 2016;310(3):R230-4.
16. Vanhoutte PM, Shimokawa H, Feletou M, Tang EH. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease - a 30th anniversary update. Acta Physiol (Oxf) . 2017;219(1):22-96.
17. Valent P. KIT D816V and the cytokine storm in mastocytosis: production and role of interleukin-6. Haematologica . 2020;105(1):5-6.
18. Ridker PM, Rifai N, Rose L, Buring JE, Cook NR. Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med . 2002;347(20):1557-65.
19. Sun J, Sukhova GK, Wolters PJ, Yang M, Kitamoto S, Libby P, et al. Mast cells promote atherosclerosis by releasing proinflammatory cytokines. Nat Med . 2007;13(6):719-24.
20. Kritikou E, Depuydt MAC, de Vries MR, Mulder KE, Govaert AM, Smit MD, et al. Flow Cytometry-Based Characterization of Mast Cells in Human Atherosclerosis. Cells . 2019;8(4).
21. Bots ML, Evans GW, Tegeler CH, Meijer R. Carotid Intima-media Thickness Measurements: Relations with Atherosclerosis, Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Application in Randomized Controlled Trials.Chin Med J (Engl) . 2016;129(2):215-26.
22. Nezu T, Hosomi N, Aoki S, Matsumoto M. Carotid Intima-Media Thickness for Atherosclerosis. J Atheroscler Thromb . 2016;23(1):18-31.
23. Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Pellikka PA, et al. Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography’s Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr . 2005;18(12):1440-63.
24. Yeboah J, Crouse JR, Hsu FC, Burke GL, Herrington DM. Brachial flow-mediated dilation predicts incident cardiovascular events in older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Circulation . 2007;115(18):2390-7.
25. Yeboah J, Folsom AR, Burke GL, Johnson C, Polak JF, Post W, et al. Predictive value of brachial flow-mediated dilation for incident cardiovascular events in a population-based study: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Circulation . 2009;120(6):502-9.
26. Stein JH. Carotid intima-media thickness and vascular age: you are only as old as your arteries look. J Am Soc Echocardiogr . 2004;17(6):686-9.
27. Gangemi S, Minciullo PL, Magliacane D, Saitta S, Loffredo S, Saija A, et al. Oxidative stress markers are increased in patients with mastocytosis. Allergy . 2015;70(4):436-42.
28. Brockow K. Epidemiology, prognosis, and risk factors in mastocytosis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am . 2014;34(2):283-95.
29. Valent P. Mastocytosis: a paradigmatic example of a rare disease with complex biology and pathology. Am J Cancer Res . 2013;3(2):159-72.
30. Indhirajanti S, van Daele PLA, Bos S, Mulder MT, Bot I, Roeters van Lennep JE. Systemic mastocytosis associates with cardiovascular events despite lower plasma lipid levels. Atherosclerosis . 2018;268:152-6.
31. Unal D, Gelincik A, Elitok A, Demir S, Olgac M, Coskun R, et al. Impact of high serum Immunoglobulin E levels on the risk of atherosclerosis in humans. Asia Pac Allergy . 2017;7(2):74-81.
32. Melincovici CS, Bosca AB, Susman S, Marginean M, Mihu C, Istrate M, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) - key factor in normal and pathological angiogenesis. Rom J Morphol Embryol . 2018;59(2):455-67.
33. Possomato-Vieira JS, Khalil RA. Mechanisms of Endothelial Dysfunction in Hypertensive Pregnancy and Preeclampsia. Adv Pharmacol . 2016;77:361-431.
34. Boesiger. Mast Cells Can Secrete Vascular Permeability Factor/ Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor and Exhibit Enhanced Release after Immunology E–dependent Up regulation of Fce Receptor I Expression. J Exp Med . 1998;188:1135–45.
35. Wimazal F, Jordan JH, Sperr WR, Chott A, Dabbass S, Lechner K, et al. Increased angiogenesis in the bone marrow of patients with systemic mastocytosis. Am J Pathol . 2002;160(5):1639-45.
36. Gunay M, Mertoglu C. Increase of endocan, a new marker for inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, in acute kidney injury.North Clin Istanb . 2019;6(2):124-8.
37. Kanbay A, Ceylan E, Koseoglu HI, Caliskan M, Takir M, Tulu S, et al. Endocan: a novel predictor of endothelial dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Clin Respir J . 2018;12(1):84-90.
38. Musialowska D, Zbroch E, Koc-Zorawska E, Musialowski P, Malyszko J. Endocan Concentration in Patients With Primary Hypertension.Angiology . 2018;69(6):483-9.
39. Wang J, Yu W, Gao M, Zhang F, Gu C, Yu Y, et al. Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome on Endothelial Function, Arterial Stiffening, and Serum Inflammatory Markers: An Updated Meta-analysis and Metaregression of 18 Studies. J Am Heart Assoc . 2015;4(11).
40. Lee W, Ku SK, Kim SW, Bae JS. Endocan elicits severe vascular inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo. J Cell Physiol . 2014;229(5):620-30.
41. Idris-Khodja N, Ouerd S, Mian MOR, Gornitsky J, Barhoumi T, Paradis P, et al. Endothelin-1 Overexpression Exaggerates Diabetes-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction by Altering Oxidative Stress. Am J Hypertens . 2016;29(11):1245-51.
42. Brockow K, Akin C, Huber M, Metcalfe DD. IL-6 levels predict disease variant and extent of organ involvement in patients with mastocytosis.Clin Immunol . 2005;115(2):216-23.