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\begin{document}

\title{Aerial tracer particle distribution system for surface image velocimetry}



\author[1]{H. J. Biggs}%
\author[1]{B. Smith}%
\author[2]{M. Detert}%
\author[1]{H. Sutton}%
\affil[1]{National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Christchurch Office}%
\affil[2]{Meisser Surveying AG Chur Switzerland}%


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  \date{May 23, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
A novel aerial tracer particle distribution system has been developed.
This system is mounted on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and flown
upstream from where surface velocimetry measurements are conducted. This
enables surface velocimetry techniques to be applied in rivers and
channels lacking sufficient natural tracer particles or surface
features. Lack of tracers is a common problem during low flows, in
lowland rivers, or in artificial channels. This is particularly
problematic for analysis conducted using Particle Image Velocimetry
(PIV) techniques where dense tracer particles are required. Techniques
for colouring tracer particles with biodegradable dye have also been
developed, along with methods for extracting them from Red Green Blue
(RGB) imagery in the Hue Saturation Value (HSV) colour space. The use of
coloured tracer particles enables flow measurements in situations where
sunglint, surface waves, moving shadows, or dappled lighting on
riverbeds can interfere with and corrupt results using surface
velocimetry techniques. These developments further expand the situations
where surface velocimetry can be applied, as well as improving the
accuracy of the results.%
\end{abstract}%



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\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Biggs et al 2021 - Tracer particle distribution system - RRA - Submission 1.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/381869/articles/544681-aerial-tracer-particle-distribution-system-for-surface-image-velocimetry}

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