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\title{Mediatory role of inflammatory markers on the relationship between
dietary energy density and body compositions among obese and overweight
adult women: A cross-sectional study}



\author[1]{niki bahrampour}%
\author[2]{Atieh  Mirzababaei}%
\author[3]{Farideh shiraseb}%
\author[2]{khadijeh mirzaei}%
\affil[1]{islamic azad university of tehran, science and research branch}%
\affil[2]{Tehran University of Medical Sciences}%
\affil[3]{Affiliation not available}%


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  \date{May 25, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Background: Obesity is a global issue. Energy density (ED) can influence
on body compositions (BCs). Consumption of HED (high energy density)
foods can increase body fat mass (BFM) and inflammatory markers.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional research among 391 women. Body
composition analyzer (BIA) and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was
used to assess BCs and food intake of individuals. Blood samples and
serum level of high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), plasminogen
activator inhibitor- 1 (PAI-1) and transforming growth factor-\selectlanguage{greek}β
\selectlanguage{english}(TGF-beta) were collected. ED per one gram of foods were calculated and
divided to quartiles. Linear logistic regression tests were used to
investigate the association between BCs across quartiles of ED intake.
Results: Results demonstrate skeletal muscle mass (SMM), total body
water (TBW), intracellular water (ICW), fat free mass (FFM), visceral
fat area (VFA) and fat free mass index (FFMI) was seem to be under the
effect of hs-CRP among ED intakes. TBW, extracellular water (ECW), FFM
with PAI-1, bone mineral content (BMC) with PAI-1 and TGF-beta, and
Skeletal lean mass (SLM) with hs-CRP were inversely associated. Fat
right arm (FRA), fat right arm (FLA), fat right and left leg (FRL,FLL),
fat trunk, TBW, ICW, ECW, BFM, FFM, SMM, SLM, waist circumference (WC),
FFMI and FMI were positively under the influence of TGF-beta after
following higher ED food intakes. FRA, FLA, FRL, FLL, fat trunk, ICW,
BFM, SMM, SLM, WC, FFMI and FMI were positively under the influence of
PAI-1. Conclusion: All adipose tissue content of subcategories of BC
were strongly associated with ED intake in the mediatory role of PAI-1
and TGF-beta.%
\end{abstract}%



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