Pairwise spatial associations
The pairwise spatial associations assessed bygij (r ) indicate that interspecific spatial independence (-1.96 ≤ z (r ) ≤ 1.96) was the dominant pattern across the three different spatial scales (accounting for 82.09%, 83.05% and 85.30%, respectively) (Table 1). There were 315, 375 and 346 repulsion cases (z (r ) < -1.96) out of the 6320 pairs (accounting for 4.98%, 5.93% and 5.47%) at the spatial scales of 5, 30 and 50 m, respectively. Attraction was more commonly observed with 817, 696 and 583 cases (z (r ) > 1.96) (accounting for 12.93% 11.01% and 9.22%) than repulsion cases at the three scales. The same trends were also found in the spatial association evaluated by the summary statistic ofDij (r ), in which, spatial independence was also the dominating pattern between species (Table 1).