WHO Intrapartum Care Algorithms Working Group
(In alphabetical order) Livia Ciabati, Lariza Laura De Oliveira
(University of São Paulo, Brazil); Joyce Browne, Marcus Rijken (UMC
Utrecht, the Netherlands); Sue Fawcus (University of Cape Town, South
Africa); Justus Hofmeyr (Frere Maternity Hospital East London, South
Africa); Tippawan Liabsuetrakul (Prince of Songkla University,
Thailand); Çağri GÜLÜMSER (University of Health Sciences, Turkey); Anna
Blennerhassett (University of Birmingham, United Kingdom), David
Lissauer (University of Liverpool, United Kingdom), Shireen
Meher (Birmingham Women’s and Children’s NHS Foundation Trust). World
Health Organization Secretariat (Switzerland): Fernando Althabe,
Mercedes Bonet, A. Metin Gülmezoglu, Olufemi Oladapo
- Hanley GE, Munro S, Greyson D, Gross MM, Hundley V, Spiby H, et al.
Diagnosing onset of labor: a systematic review of definitions in the
research literature. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2016; 16:71.
- WHO recommendations: intrapartum care for a positive childbirth
experience. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Licence: CC
BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
- Oladapo OT, Diaz V, Bonet M, Abalos E, Thwin SS, Souza H, et al.
Cervical dilatation patterns of “lowrisk” women with spontaneous
labour and normal perinatal outcomes: a systematic review. BJOG. 2017.
doi:10.1111/1471-0528.14930.
- NICE Pathway last updated: 29 November 2019. Delay and complications
in second stage of Labour.
http://pathways.nice.org.uk/pathways/intrapartum-care
- Abalos E, Oladapo OT, Chamillard M, Díaz V, Pasquale J, Bonet M, et
al. Duration of spontaneous labour in “low-risk” women with
“normal” perinatal outcomes: a systematic review. Eur J Obstet
Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2018;2 23:123–32.
- Abalos E, Chamillard M, Díaz V, Pasquale J, Souza JP. Progression of
the first stage of spontaneous labour [published online ahead of
print, 2020 Mar 7]. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol.
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- Sheiner E, Levy A, Feinstein U, Hallak M, Mazor M. Risk factors and
outcome of failure to progress during the first stage of labor: a
population-based study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2002;81(3):222-226.
- Nystedt A, Hildingsson I. Diverse definitions of prolonged labour and
its consequences with sometimes subsequent inappropriate
treatment. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014;14:233. Published 2014 Jul
16. doi:10.1186/1471-2393-14-233
- Kjaergaard H, Olsen J, Ottesen B, Dykes AK. Incidence and outcomes of
dystocia in the active phase of labor in term nulliparous women with
spontaneous labor onset. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand.
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- NICE guidelines Intrapartum care: Care of healthy women and their
babies during childbirth December 2014. Updated February 2017.
- Singh S, Kohli U, Vardhan S. Management of prolonged second stage of
labor. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception,
Obstetrics and Gynecology 2018, 7 (7), 2527-2531.
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20182855
- Betran AP, Ye J, Moller AB, Zhang J, Gülmezoglu AM, Torloni MR. The
increasing trend in caesarean section rates: global, regional and
national estimates: 1990e2014. PloS One 2016;11:e0148343.
- WHO Reproductive Health Library. WHO recommendation on respectful
maternity care. (February 2018). The WHO Reproductive Health Library;
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- Keag OE, Norman JE, Stock SJ. Long-term risks and benefits associated
with cesarean delivery for mother, baby, and subsequent pregnancies:
Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2018;15(1):e1002494.
- Timor-Tritsch IE, Monteagudo A. Unforeseen consequences of the
increasing rate of cesarean deliveries: early placenta accreta and
cesarean scar pregnancy. A review. Am J Obstet Gynecol.
2012;207(1):14-29.
- Cook JR, Knight M, Dhanjal MK. Multiple repeat caesarean section in
the UK: incidence and consequences to mother and child. A national,
prospective cohort study–authors’ reply. BJOG. 2013;120(9):1155.
- FIGO GUIDELINES Management of the second stage of labor 2012.https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1016/j.ijgo.2012.08.002
- Souza JP, Oladapo OT, Bohren MA, et al. (2015). The development of a
Simplified, Effective, Labour Monitoring-to-Action (SELMA) tool for
Better Outcomes in Labour Difficulty (BOLD): study protocol. Reprod
Health. 2015 May , 26;12:49. doi: 10.1186/s12978-015-0029-4.
- Bonet M, Oladapo OT. Development of evidence-based intrapartum care
algorithms: methodological considerations. BJOG.
- Perinatal Practice Guideline. South Australian Perinatal Practice
Guidelines. April 2017
- NICE 2019. Intrapartum care for women with existing medical conditions
or obstetric complications and their babies. NG 121. ISBN:
978-1-4731-3296-2.
- D. M. Sherer, M. Miodovnik, K. S. Bradley and O. Langer. Fetalhead
position during the second stage of labor: comparison of digital
vaginal examination and transabdominal ultrasonographic examination.
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002; 19: 264 – 268
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approaches for vaginal delivery in breech presentation.Cochrane
Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 7. Art. No.: CD000082. DOI:
10.1002/14651858.CD000082.pub3.
- Hofmeyr J. Clinical decision pathways to identify causes and
management options for fetal heart rate abnormalities.
- WHO recommendations for augmentation of labour. Geneva: World Health
Organization; 2014.
- Gulumser C, Yassa M. Clinical management of uterine contraction
abnormalities: an evidence-based intrapartum care algorithm.
- Murphy, DJ, Strachan, BK, Bahl, R, on behalf of the Royal College of
Obstetricians Gynaecologists. Assisted Vaginal
Birth. BJOG 2020; 127: e70– e112.