We classified species distribution by biogeographical realm (Indomalaya, Austral-Oceania, Afrotropical, Neotropical, Palearctic, and Nearctic) and terrestrial biomes following Olson et al.
22. We described species major habitat breadth based on IUCN Level 1 classification
https://www.iucnredlist.org/resources/habitat-classification-scheme (Caves, Forests, Savanna, Desert, Urban, Artificial, and Wetlands). Species current conservation status (Data Deficient, Least Concern, Near Threatened, Vulnerable, Endangered, and Critically Endangered) and population trends (e.g., Unknown, Decreasing, Stable, Increasing) were categorised using standard IUCN Red List assessments. Using the same criteria, we categorised species endemism as geopolitically endemic (e.g., country-endemic, and non-endemic) when a species occurs only in a single country or state territory
23, and island endemism was classified as island-restricted or predominantly mainland
24. The highest country endemism was in the Eastern Hemisphere with the highest in the Austral-Oceania (40%) region, followed by the Afrotropics (21%), then the Indomalayan region (16%). However, the highest proportion of threatened species, was in Indomalayan (43%) and the Neotropics (22%) (Figure 2c).
Furthermore, species current geographical ranges were compiled from the Phylacine 1.2 database24 based on species IUCN ranges. Three species traits were included: the adult body mass (in grams) per species were derived from Phylacine 1.224 and generation length from Pacifici et al.25. For trophic groups, we derived diet information from EltonTraits 1.0 26. We grouped species as frugi-nectarivorous for all species that forage on plant-based resources (e.g., frugivores and nectarivores). As species foraging smaller vertebrates (i.e., fish and rodents) are very few, we classified them as carnivores along with insectivorous bats. Species that forage on both resources were grouped into omnivores (Table 1).