Statistical analysis
All analyses were performed with SAS jmp Statistic, version12.2.0 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Categorical variables are presented as frequency (percentage) and continuous variables are presented as median (interquartile range [IQR]) as all were not normally distributed based on Shapiro-Wilk tests. Univariable analysis was performed between patients with and without postoperative stroke using χ2 tests for categorical variables and Wilcoxon tests for continuous variables. All P values were 2-sided. P values of less than 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to evaluate the independent contribution of the 3 primary variables of interest (dissection of brachiocephalic artery, cardiopulmonary arrest time, and preoperative neurological dysfunction). These variables were selected based on previous reports and their clinical significance. Results were displayed as odds ratio with 95% confidence interval andP -values. For analyzing long-term survival, the Kaplan-Meier curve was calculated, and the groups were tested by the log-rank test to describe differences in survival.