Study design
The participants were divided into two non-randomized groups with 223 who had received one rectal enema on the morning of their biopsy in Group 1 and 196 who had received an additional enema half an hour before the procedure in Group 2. Medical records, including demographic, clinical, and biochemical data, were collected from the hospital database and each patient’s chart. Body temperature of more than 38°C, dysuria, and urinary pyuria were accepted as indicating a urinary tract infection (UTI). A sequential organ failure assessment score of more than 2 and a positive urine culture were considered evidence of sepsis (12). The neutrophile-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was calculated as the absolute number of neutrophiles divided by the lymphocyte count, and the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was determined by dividing the number of platelets by the number of lymphocytes. The systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) was calculated as the platelet count multiplied by neutrophiles and divided by lymphocytes.
The primary endpoint of the study was the reduction or prevention of infective complications following prostate biopsy with a secondary goal being the prevention of clinically essential complications that require hospitalization. The local ethics committee approved the study.