Participants
A total of 419 patients were evaluated retrospectively between January
2015 and December 2020. The patients had undergone TRUS-bx due to
prostate cancer suspicion following total prostate-specific antigen
(tPSA) of ≥4 ng/mL or digital rectal examination and lesions with a
PIRADS score of ≥3 on multi-parametric MRI. Patients with histories of
anticoagulant use, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, urological surgery,
prior TRUS-bx, recent hospitalization, recent overseas travel, or
prostatitis were excluded from the study. Uncontrolled diabetes was
defined as an HgbA1c level of ≥7 (11). Informed consent was obtained
from all patients, and all procedures were performed by experienced
staff.
Prebiopsy urinary cultures were routinely obtained, and all patients
received cephalosporine and aminoglycoside prophylaxis 24 hours before
the biopsy which was also continued afterwards for seven days. All
biopsies were taken using an 18-gauge prostate biopsy needle with
transrectal ultrasound guidance. According to current practice, 12 core
samples were obtained in standard fashion. Patients were discharged on
the same day in the absence of abnormal rectal or urethral bleeding or
urinary retention. Two weeks after the biopsy, patients were called for
control, and they were asked to attend the hospital in case of acute
symptoms such as high fever, severe rectal bleeding, and general
condition disorder.