Rural communities in the drylands of Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) derive their livelihoods primarily from their natural resource base. Unprecedented changes in these environments over the past few decades are likely to intensify in the future and land users need to develop sustainable adaptation strategies. This study aims to identify land use and land cover (LULC) changes and their drivers in a Sub-Saharan dryland, between 1986 and 2017, by integrating local knowledge and remote sensing analysis. Local knowledge and environmental perception are used as the basis for defining LULC classes and for training and validation of change detection. This study identifies bush encroachment into former pastures as the dominant LULC change with an increase of woodland by 39 % and a decrease of grassland by 74%. This process is perceived as severe degradation by local respondents and is linked to changing management regimes and unreliable rainfall patterns. Deforestation and woodland thinning can be traced back to increased habitation and farming, though the local community also identifies charcoal production as a driving factor. The integration of remote sensing and local knowledge provides a holistic view on LULC change in Pokot Central, Kenya, and offers a solid base for site specific and actor-centred management approaches necessary for sustainable pathways of drylands.