4. Conclusions
DDCL, ET and BT can significantly enhance the low-temperature flow
properties of BWCO. The PP, CFPP and CP of BWCO-ET-DDCL and BWCO-BT-DDCL
ternary blends were superior to those of binary biodiesel blends. BT and
DDCL present better improvement of the low temperature performance of
BWCO as the large dissolving capacity of DDCL and BT for saturated FAMEs
in biodiesel retarded the aggregation and growth of large crystals. For
ternary blends containing 20 vol.% BWCO, BWCO-BT-DDCL (20:10:70)
ternary blends presented the lowest PP, CFPP, and CP with values of −23
°C, −19 °C, and −17 °C, respectively. Lower CFPP below −20 °C was
possibly reached by BWCO-BT-DDCL blends containing no more than 15
vol.% BWCO, and such blend fuels can be used in extremely cold regions
of China.