Improving
the cold flow properties of biodiesel from waste cooking oil by ternary
blending with bio-based alcohols and diesel from direct coal
liquefaction
Yuan
Xue1,2,*,
Lihong Wang3, Hualin Lin2,
Sheng Han1,2,* ,
Shiyou Zheng2,*
1 School of Materials Science and Engineering,
University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093,
China
2 School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering,
Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
3 Department of Science and Technology, Shanghai Urban
Construction Vocational College, Shanghai 201415, China
* Corresponding author: Fax: +86-021-60873565, Tel: +86-02160873685;
Email address:
sit_xueyuan@163.com
(Yuan Xue),syzheng@usst.edu.cn (Shiyou
Zheng), hansheng654321@sina.com (Sheng Han)
Abstract:The utilization and popularization of biodiesel are always limited by
its poor cold flow properties. Both
bio-based alcohol and diesel from direct coal liquefaction (DDCL) has
potential to enhance the cold flow properties of biodiesel. Ternary
blends of waste cooking oil biodiesel (BWCO) with DDCL and bio-based
ethanol (ET) or 1-butanol (BT) for improving the cold flow properties of
biodiesel. The pour point (PP), cold filter plugging point (CFPP), and
cloud point (CP) of BWCO-ET, BWCO-BT, and BWCO-DDCL binary blends, and
BWCO-ET-DDCL and BWCO-BT-DDCL
ternary blends were comparatively assessed. Ternary phase diagrams were
also applied into analyze the blending effect of the three components on
the cold flow properties of biodiesel. Results showed that both DDCL, ET
and BT can remarkably enhance the cold flow properties of BWCO. BT and
DDCL presented a better synergistic
depression effect. For ternary blends in 20:10:70 blending ratio,
BWCO-BT-DDCL exhibited the lowest PP, CFPP, and CP of −23 °C, −19 °C,
and −17 °C, respectively. The crystallization behavior and crystal
morphology of blended fuels are also observed via a polarizing optical
microscope, and find that DDCL together with BT in biodiesel can
effectively retard the aggregation of large crystals and inhibit
crystals growth.
Keywords: waste cooking oil
biodiesel; ternary blends; cold flow properties; bio-based alcohol;
diesel from direct coal liquefaction