Figure legends
Figure 1. Hypothetical dispersal kernels for soil mesofaunal
lineages with different passive dispersal potential (A ) and map
of Tenerife with the distribution of sampled sites (left) and zonal
distribution of habitats on the island (right) (B ). Within
(A ), the high passive dispersal of species in (left) allows
species cohesion over larger geographic distances than in (right), with
a lower passive dispersal. Modified from Andújar et al. (2017).
Figure 2. Richness of soil mesofaunal lineages by sample (alpha
diversity, A ), mean endemicity by sample (B ), total
accumulated richness (local-scale richness or gamma diversity,C ), mean β diversity among samples (C ), and richness
accumulation curves (D ) for haplotypes (left), 3% OTUs
(middle), and 15% lineages (right) by habitat (laurel forest, pine
forest, dry scrublands, and thermophilous woodlands). The significance
of Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test (post-hoc comparisons using Bonferroni
correction) is indicated for panels (A ) and (B ).
Figure 3. Non-parametric multidimensional scaling (NMDS)
ordinations (A ) and distance decay of genetic similarity
(B ) for soil mesofaunal samples. NMDSs represent the variation
in community composition (Simpson index, βsim) for haplotype, 3%
similarity OTUs, and 15% similarity lineages. Explained variation (r2)
and significance (p) of habitat as a grouping factor from the
permutational ANOVAs over the community dissimilarity matrixes are
shown. Distance decay is plotted at multiple levels of genetic
similarity (from haplotypes, black, to 15% genetic similarity, pale
grey) within the four habitats (laurel forest, La; pine forest, Pi; dry
scrubland, Ds; and thermophilous woodland, Tw).
Figure 4. Histograms showing the distribution of OTUs
(A ) and 15% lineages (B ) according to the number of
sites (left) and the number of haplotypes (middle). Graphs on the right
indicate the number of OTUs and 15% lineages found in either one or
multiple sites, and the number of OTUs and 15% lineages with one or
multiple haplotypes. Also indicated for (A ) is the number of
OTUs with a similarity match ≥ 97% and ≥ 99 with reference sequences
from outside the Canary Islands, and for (B) the number of lineages with
one or multiple OTUs.
Figure 5. Venn diagrams showing distribution of OTUs
(A ) and 15% lineages (B ) among habitats (laurel
forest, La; pine forest, Pi; dry scrubland, Ds; and thermophilous
woodland, Tw). Venn diagrams illustrate patterns of exclusive and shared
OTUs and 15% lineages. In parenthesis the following are respectively
indicated: the total number of OTUs and 15% lineages (“L”), and the
number of those collected in a single site (“S”). Barplots on the
right represent the proportion and number of OTUs and 15% lineages
sampled in more than two, three, four, and five sites that are
considered to have high habitat specificity (≥ 80% of sampled sites
from a single habitat).
Figure 6. Graph showing the number of 15% lineages with
genetic diversity significantly structured with increasing spatial
distance (orange) and with genetic diversity significantly structured by
habitat (purple) (A ), and examples of lineages with and without
significant habitat and spatial structure (B , C , andD ). Estimations in A considered only lineages for which the
product of the number of sites by the number of haplotypes is ≥ 15.
Graphs in B, C, and D represent the correlation between corrected
geographical distance (x axis) and genetic similarity (y axis) (left)
and haplotype networks (right). Circle size represents the number of
sites where haplotypes are found, and colour represents the habitat
(laurel forest, yellow; pine forest, red; dry scrubland, blue; and
thermophilous woodland, green).